Dynamic Geometry: P11

Geometry Level 4

The diagram shows a black curve y = 1 x y=\dfrac{1}{x} and a red circle moving so that it's tangent to the black curve and to the blue line y = 0 y=0 . When the ratio of the x x -coordinate to the y y -coordinates of the circle's center (cyan) is equal to 9 5 \dfrac{9}{5} , the ratio of the x x -coordinate to the y y -coordinates of the tangency point (green) between the black curve and the red circle can be expressed as c b \dfrac{c}{b} where c c and b b are coprime positive integers. Find c + b c+b .


The answer is 7.

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1 solution

We place an arbitrary point A ( a ; 1 a ) A(a;\frac{1}{a}) . We can then find the equation of the tangent the the curve at point A A , we have then y = 1 a 2 x + 2 a \:y=-\frac{1}{a^2}\cdot x+\dfrac{2}{a}

  • We know that this line will be perpendicular to the radius of the circle. We can calculate then the line where lies the center of the circle. We get y = a 2 x + 1 a 4 a y=a^2\cdot x+\dfrac{1-a^4}{a} . Then we establish the coordinate of point M ( 2 a ; 0 ) M(2a;0) , the intersection point between the x x axis and the tangent line.

  • Since the x x axis and the tangent line are both tangent to the circle, the distance between A A and M M are the same as the horizontal distance between M M and C C , the center of the circle.

  • We can express the distance A M AM in terms of a a : A M = ( a 2 a ) 2 + ( 1 a ) 2 = a 4 + 1 a AM=\sqrt{\left(a-2a\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a^4+1}}{a}

  • We can now report this distance on the x x axis and find that the x x -coordinate of center of the circle is 2 a a 4 + 1 a = 2 a 2 a 4 + 1 a 2a-\dfrac{\sqrt{a^4+1}}{a}=\dfrac{2a^2-\sqrt{a^4+1}}{a}

  • We can now find the intersection point between the lines y = a 2 x + 1 a 4 a y=a^2\cdot x+\dfrac{1-a^4}{a} and x = 2 a 2 a 4 + 1 a x=\dfrac{2a^2-\sqrt{a^4+1}}{a} .

  • We find C ( 2 a 2 1 + a 4 a ; 1 + a 4 a 2 1 + a 4 a ) C(\dfrac{2a^{2}-\sqrt{1+a^{4}}}{a};\dfrac{1+a^{4}-a^{2}\sqrt{1+a^{4}}}{a})

  • Then we solve x C y C = 9 5 \dfrac{x_C}{y_C}=\dfrac{9}{5} in terms of a a and find a = 2 3 a=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}

  • Finally a 1 a = a 2 = 4 3 \dfrac{a}{\dfrac{1}{a}}=a^2=\dfrac{4}{3} and 3 + 4 = 7 3+4=7

Nice solution, Valentin! I finally got around to solving this guy today :)

tom engelsman - 4 months ago

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Thanks, the only issue is that it involves a calculator for the tricky equation xc/yc (I'm not that smart). Please share P23 and P25 as it's still unrated. I'm going to post more problems today !

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

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Oh it is not that hard to solve :) we are looking for a 1 a = a 2 \dfrac{a}{\frac{1}{a}}=a^2 . Let m = a 2 m=a^2 .
The equation: 2 m 1 + m 2 1 + m 2 m 1 + m 2 = 9 5 . \frac{\frac{2m-\sqrt{1+m^2}}{\not{a}}}{\frac{1+m^2-m\sqrt{1+m^2}}{\not{a}}}=\frac95. So 10 m 5 1 + m 2 = 9 + 9 m 2 9 m 1 + m 2 . 10m-5\sqrt{1+m^2}=9+9m^2 -9m\sqrt{1+m^2}.

Jeff Giff - 4 months ago

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@Jeff Giff Well, I'm just lazy then. I'm not too much in algebra, even though I should

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

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@Valentin Duringer Yup I understand... since it is easier to use Wolphram or GeoGebra :P

Jeff Giff - 4 months ago

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@Jeff Giff You caught me, also, I try to make problems that are almost always solvable manually in this series

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

Excellent solution!

Jeff Giff - 4 months ago

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Thank you Jeff ! Please share P23 and P25 as they are still unrated ! I'll post more today !

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

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I have updated RadMaths already :) do check it out sometime here

Jeff Giff - 4 months ago

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@Jeff Giff @Jeff Giff I create about 5-10 problems for this series per day. But I can only post 3-4 per day max becasue otherwise, the big volume would not be seen by members, that would be a shame.

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

@Jeff Giff I posted more problem and I will post more today, please share, I hope you'll like them !

Valentin Duringer - 3 months, 4 weeks ago

I already did it's awesome !

Valentin Duringer - 4 months ago

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