Easier than a pentakill

Let K K be a two-digit positive integer. How many K K are there such that K 2 K^{2} ends in K K ?

For example, 6 2 6^{2} ends in 6.


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Harsh Khatri
Feb 4, 2016

Numbers with 0,1,5 or 6 in units place will have squares that end in 0,1,5 or 6 respectively.

Any two digit number ending in 0 will have it's square ending in 00 \boxed{00} .

So, we don't check the squares of the numbers ending in 0.

Regarding numbers ending in 1, they will be of the form 10 k + 1 10k+1 where k { 1 , 2 , , 9 } k \in \{1,2,\ldots ,9\} and their squares will be of the form:

100 k 2 + 10 ( 2 k ) + 1 \displaystyle 100 k^2 +10(2k) + 1

Thus the unit's place does have 1 but the ten's place will have 2k or the unit's place of 2k. For example, ( 10 ( 2 ) + 1 ) 2 = 2 1 2 = 441 (10(2)+1)^2=21^2 =441

So it does end in 1 but the ten's place has 4=2(2). One more example,

( 10 ( 6 ) + 1 ) 2 = 6 1 2 = 3721 (10(6)+1)^2= 61^2=3721

Here the ten's place in 3721 is occupied by unit's place of 12(=2(6)).

So, we ignore these cases.

Now we just have to check the squares of 15,25... 95 and 16, 26.... 96 to get

2 5 2 = 6 25 & 7 6 2 = 57 76 25^2 =6\boxed{25} \text{ \& } 76^2=57\boxed{76} .

Why don't we have to check numbers ending with 1 and 0?

Kushagra Sahni - 5 years, 4 months ago

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Any two digit number ending in 0 will have it's square ending in 00 \boxed{00} .

So, we don't check those.

Regarding numbers ending in 1, they will be of the form 10 k + 1 10k+1 where k { 1 , 2 , , 9 } k \in \{1,2,\ldots ,9\} and their squares will be of the form:

100 k 2 + 10 ( 2 k ) + 1 \displaystyle 100 k^2 +10(2k) + 1

Thus the unit's place does have 1 but the ten's place will have 2k or the unit's place of 2k. For example, ( 10 ( 2 ) + 1 ) 2 = 2 1 2 = 441 (10(2)+1)^2=21^2 =441

So it does end in 1 but the ten's place has 4=2(2). One more example,

( 10 ( 6 ) + 1 ) 2 = 6 1 2 = 3721 (10(6)+1)^2= 61^2=3721

Here the ten's place in 3721 is occupied by unit's place of 12(=2(6)).

So, we ignore these cases.

Harsh Khatri - 5 years, 4 months ago

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That's right but they should have been included in your solution.

Kushagra Sahni - 5 years, 4 months ago

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@Kushagra Sahni I have fixed the solution.

Harsh Khatri - 5 years, 4 months ago

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