Let K be a two-digit positive integer. How many K are there such that K 2 ends in K ?
For example, 6 2 ends in 6.
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Why don't we have to check numbers ending with 1 and 0?
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Any two digit number ending in 0 will have it's square ending in 0 0 .
So, we don't check those.
Regarding numbers ending in 1, they will be of the form 1 0 k + 1 where k ∈ { 1 , 2 , … , 9 } and their squares will be of the form:
1 0 0 k 2 + 1 0 ( 2 k ) + 1
Thus the unit's place does have 1 but the ten's place will have 2k or the unit's place of 2k. For example, ( 1 0 ( 2 ) + 1 ) 2 = 2 1 2 = 4 4 1
So it does end in 1 but the ten's place has 4=2(2). One more example,
( 1 0 ( 6 ) + 1 ) 2 = 6 1 2 = 3 7 2 1
Here the ten's place in 3721 is occupied by unit's place of 12(=2(6)).
So, we ignore these cases.
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That's right but they should have been included in your solution.
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Numbers with 0,1,5 or 6 in units place will have squares that end in 0,1,5 or 6 respectively.
Any two digit number ending in 0 will have it's square ending in 0 0 .
So, we don't check the squares of the numbers ending in 0.
Regarding numbers ending in 1, they will be of the form 1 0 k + 1 where k ∈ { 1 , 2 , … , 9 } and their squares will be of the form:
1 0 0 k 2 + 1 0 ( 2 k ) + 1
Thus the unit's place does have 1 but the ten's place will have 2k or the unit's place of 2k. For example, ( 1 0 ( 2 ) + 1 ) 2 = 2 1 2 = 4 4 1
So it does end in 1 but the ten's place has 4=2(2). One more example,
( 1 0 ( 6 ) + 1 ) 2 = 6 1 2 = 3 7 2 1
Here the ten's place in 3721 is occupied by unit's place of 12(=2(6)).
So, we ignore these cases.
Now we just have to check the squares of 15,25... 95 and 16, 26.... 96 to get
2 5 2 = 6 2 5 & 7 6 2 = 5 7 7 6 .