Elementary Summation

Algebra Level 3

If 1 3 2 + 1 + 1 4 2 + 2 + 1 5 2 + 3 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = m n \frac{1}{3^{2}+1}+\frac{1}{4^{2}+2}+\frac{1}{5^{2}+3}+.........................=\frac{m}{n}

where m m and n n are co- prime positive integers Find the value of m + n m+n


The answer is 49.

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2 solutions

Krishna Sharma
Oct 23, 2014

This can be written as

S = n = 1 1 ( n + 2 ) 2 + n \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{ (n +2)^{2} + n}

= n = 1 1 n 2 + 5 n + 4 \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{2} + 5n + 4}

= n = 1 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 ) \displaystyle \sum_{ n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(x +1)(x +4)}

Seperating

n = 1 1 3 ( 1 x + 1 1 x + 4 ) \displaystyle \sum_{ n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{3}(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + 4})

All terms will cancel out except 3 terms as we put values of n, we will finally get

1 3 ( 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 4 ) = 13 36 \displaystyle \frac{1}{3}( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}) = \boxed{\frac{13}{36}}

Could anyone please explain how you "separated" the sum?

Kunal Jadhav - 6 years, 7 months ago

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Partial fractions.

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 7 months ago

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Expand please

Kunal Jadhav - 6 years, 7 months ago

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@Kunal Jadhav http://www.mathsrevision.net/advanced-level-maths-revision/pure-maths/algebra/partial-fractions

Mehul Chaturvedi - 6 years, 7 months ago

10 out of 10 for this @Krishna Sharma

Shubhendra Singh - 6 years, 7 months ago

@Krishna Sharma -Are you in school or college

Krishna Ar - 6 years, 7 months ago

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I am 17(b'day coming soon)

12th passed preparing for JEE

Krishna Sharma - 6 years, 7 months ago

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:D I was like puzzled coz your age says you're 21 and there's a school's name in your profile :P. Have you taken a year's break for JEE?

Krishna Ar - 6 years, 7 months ago

I'm also preparing for JEE this year.....High Five!!!

Vighnesh Raut - 6 years, 6 months ago

Same approach :)

Brian Riccardi - 6 years, 7 months ago

It is a very nice solution.

Panya Chunnanonda - 6 years, 7 months ago

all the terms will not cancel out because 1 / n + 4 1/n+4 will not cancel but as n n\rightarrow \infty
1 / n + 4 1/n+4 will tend tend to 0 according to me.If i am wrong please correct me.

Gautam Sharma - 6 years, 7 months ago

I solved the same way but wrote the denominator as n^2 + (n-2)..

Vighnesh Raut - 6 years, 6 months ago

@Krishna Sharma , In the third and fourth steps of your solution, there are some typos. Please edit them accordingly.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 3 months ago

exactly done the same way.

Trishit Chandra - 6 years, 3 months ago

did the same!

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 7 months ago

exactly same way

Ashu Dablo - 6 years, 7 months ago
Mehul Chaturvedi
Oct 29, 2014

W e w i l l o b s e r v e t h a t d e n o m i n a t o r s c a n b e e x p r e s s e d a s n ( n + 3 ) s t a r t i n g f r o m 2 I t c a n b e d o n e l i k e 1 n ( n + 3 ) = a n + b n + 3 . . . . . . . . 1 t h e r e f o r e 1 n ( n + 3 ) = a ( n + 3 ) + b ( n ) n ( n + 3 ) c a n c e l d e n o m i n a t o r s 1 = a ( n + 3 ) + b ( n ) w h a t n o w I w i l l d o i s s p l i t t i n g o f f a c t o r s o r p a r t i a l f r a c t i o n s t o m a k e i t e a s y f i r s t l e t a = 3 w e g e t b = 1 3 l e t b = 0 w e g e t a = 1 3 p l a c i n g i n e q u a t i o n . . . . . . 1 1 3 ( n ) 1 3 ( n + 3 ) t a k e 1 3 a s c o m m o n s t a r t p u t t i n g v a l u e s f r o m 2 a n d t i l l 10 y o u w i l l o b s e r v e t h a t a l l t e r m s e x c e p t 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 w i l l b e c a n c e l l e d t h e r e f o r e 1 3 ( 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 4 ) 13 36 t h e r e f o r e m = 13 n = 36 s o m + n = 49 D o n t u t h i n k t h a t I t s a v e r y n i c e a n d e x p e r t i z e d s o l u t i o n We\quad will\quad observe\quad that\quad denominators\quad can\quad be\quad \\ expressed\quad as\quad n(n+3)\quad starting\quad from\quad 2\\ It\quad can\quad be\quad done\quad like\quad \frac { 1 }{ n(n+3) } =\frac { a }{ n } +\frac { b }{ n+3 } ........1\quad \\ therefore\quad \frac { 1 }{ n(n+3) } =\frac { a(n+3)+b(n) }{ n(n+3) } \\ cancel\quad denominators\quad \\ 1=\quad a(n+3)+b(n)\\ what\quad now\quad I\quad will\quad do\quad is\quad splitting\quad of\quad factors\\ or\quad partial\quad fractions\\ to\quad make\quad it\quad easy\quad first\quad let\quad a=-3\\ we\quad get\quad b=\frac { -1 }{ 3 } \\ let\quad b=0\quad we\quad get\quad a=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \\ placing\quad in\quad equation\quad ......1\\ \frac { 1 }{ 3(n) } -\frac { 1 }{ 3(n+3) } \\ take\quad \frac { 1 }{ 3 } \quad as\quad common\quad start\quad putting\quad values\quad \\ from\quad 2\quad and\quad till\quad 10\quad you\quad will\quad observe\quad that\quad \\ all\quad terms\quad except\quad \frac { 1 }{ 2 } ,\frac { 1 }{ 3 } ,\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \quad will\quad be\quad cancelled\quad \\ therefore\quad \frac { 1 }{ 3 } (\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 3 } +\frac { 1 }{ 4 } )\Longrightarrow \frac { 13 }{ 36 } \\ therefore\quad m=13\quad n=36\\ so\quad m+n=49\\ Don't\quad u\quad think\quad that\quad It's\quad a\quad very\quad nice\quad and\quad expertized\quad solution

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