Exploring electromagnetism 1!

P Q PQ is an infinite conductor carrying a current I I . A B AB and C D CD are smooth conducting rods on which a conductor E F EF moves with constant velocity v v as shown. The resistance of the resistor is R R .

Find the magnitude of force in Newton needed to maintain constant speed of E F EF .

Details and assumptions:

  • I = 10 A I=10\text{ A}
  • b = 20 m b = 20\text{ m}
  • a = 2 m a = 2\text{ m}
  • v = 10 m s v = 10\frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}
  • R = 10 Ω R=10\;\Omega
  • Take the volumetric susceptibility of the medium surrounding the system to be 0.
  • Multiply the magnitude of force by 1 0 12 10^{12} and then report the answer.
  • Give answer to 3 decimal places.


The answer is 21.2075.

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1 solution

First we calculate the magnetic field due to the infinite conductor in a perpendicular distance l l from it: B = μ I 2 π l k ^ \vec{B}=-\dfrac{\mu I}{2 \pi l} \hat{k}

Then we calculate the emf in the conductor E F EF : ϵ = a b ( v × B ) d l = v μ I 2 π a b d l l = v μ I 2 π ln ( b a ) \begin{aligned} \epsilon&=\int_{a}^{b} (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})\cdot \mathrm{d}\vec{l}\\ &=\dfrac{v \mu I}{2 \pi} \int_{a}^{b} \dfrac{\mathrm{d} l}{l}\\ &=\dfrac{v \mu I}{2 \pi} \ln\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right) \end{aligned}

Next, we calculate the induced current: I = ϵ R = v μ I 2 π R ln ( b a ) \begin{aligned} I'&=\dfrac{\epsilon}{R}\\ &=\dfrac{v \mu I}{2 \pi R} \ln\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right) \end{aligned}

Then we calculate the magnetic force: F M = I a b d l × B = I μ I 2 π a b d l l j ^ = I μ I 2 π ln ( b a ) j ^ = v R ( μ I 2 π ln ( b a ) ) 2 j ^ \begin{aligned} \vec{F_M}&=I'\int_{a}^{b} \mathrm{d}\vec{l} \times \vec{B}\\ &=\dfrac{I' \mu I}{2\pi} \int_{a}^{b} \dfrac{\mathrm{d} l}{l} \hat{j}\\ &=\dfrac{I' \mu I}{2\pi} \ln\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right) \hat{j} \\ &=\dfrac{v}{R} \left(\dfrac{\mu I}{2 \pi} \ln\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\right)^2 \hat{j} \end{aligned}

Finally, we muts apply another force F \vec{F} with the same magnitude tham F M \vec{F_M} but in the opposite direction ( j ^ -\hat{j} ) to keep moving the conductor with the constant velocity. Substituting values we get: F = 10 m/s 10 Ω ( 4 π × 1 0 7 N A 2 × 10 A 2 π ln ( 20 m 2 m ) ) 2 F 2.12075 × 1 0 11 N F=\dfrac{10\text{ m/s}}{10\;\Omega} \left(\dfrac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \frac{\text{N}}{\text{A}^2} \times 10\text{ A}}{2 \pi} \ln\left(\dfrac{20\text{ m}}{2\text{ m}}\right)\right)^2 \\ F \approx 2.12075 \times 10^{-11}\text{N}

So, our answer is 21.2075 \boxed{21.2075} .

Nice solution!! upvoted :)

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 11 months ago

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Thanks, nice problem also :D

Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar - 4 years, 11 months ago

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My teacher gave to me . when i solved it yesterday i found it nice hence thought of sharing !

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 11 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal It is from irodov

Akash aggrawal - 4 years, 10 months ago

hey that's good one ... and nice solution too ,

Rudraksh Sisodia - 4 years, 8 months ago

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