x 4 + y 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x y 2 + 2 x 3 − y 2 = 0 Find the length of the plane curve given by the previous rectangular equation.
Hint: You should associate this curve with an organ of the human body!
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isn't r 2 = ∣ r ∣ ?
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This is true. What about it? Do you have another a question?
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when you took the square root at the third line,you put plus or minus r instead of the absolute value of it
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@Hamza A – I understand what you say. But here, what I am using is the so called Square Root Property, that says that if a 2 = b 2 , then a = ± b . Of course, if you take square root of both sides first, then you get ∣ a ∣ = ∣ b ∣ , that also implies that a = ± b . The Square Root Property appears, for example, in this website.
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@Arturo Presa – thanks!,i was confused because when i dealt with these equations,when i take the square root,i put plus or minus,but then i heard that r 2 = ∣ r ∣ and things got messed up
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Adding x 2 + y 2 to both sides of the given equation x 4 + y 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x y 2 + 2 x 3 + x 2 = x 2 + y 2 . By factoring the right side we get ( x 2 + y 2 + x ) 2 = x 2 + y 2 . Now we can convert this equation to polar coordinates, so we get ( r 2 + r cos θ ) 2 = r 2 . Then taking square root of both sides we get r 2 + r cos θ = ± r . Dividing both sides of these equations by r we obtain two equations yielding the same polar curve; indeed, the equations are r + cos θ = ± 1 . We can use one of this two equations to find the length. Let us pick r + cos θ = 1 or equivalently, r = 1 − cos θ . Then the arc length will be L = ∫ 0 2 π r 2 + ( r ′ ) 2 d θ = ∫ 0 2 π ( 1 − cos θ ) 2 + ( sin θ ) 2 d θ = ∫ 0 2 π 2 − 2 cos θ d θ = = 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∣ sin 2 θ ∣ d θ = 8 .