Finding length!

Calculus Level 4

x 4 + y 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x y 2 + 2 x 3 y 2 = 0 \large x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2+2xy^2+2x^3-y^2=0 Find the length of the plane curve given by the previous rectangular equation.

Hint: You should associate this curve with an organ of the human body!


The answer is 8.

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1 solution

Arturo Presa
Oct 21, 2015

Adding x 2 + y 2 x^2+y^2 to both sides of the given equation x 4 + y 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x y 2 + 2 x 3 + x 2 = x 2 + y 2 . x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2+2xy^2+2x^3+x^2=x^2+y^2. By factoring the right side we get ( x 2 + y 2 + x ) 2 = x 2 + y 2 (x^2+y^2+x)^2=x^2+y^2 . Now we can convert this equation to polar coordinates, so we get ( r 2 + r cos θ ) 2 = r 2 (r^2+r \cos \theta)^2= r^2 . Then taking square root of both sides we get r 2 + r cos θ = ± r r^2+r \cos \theta= \pm r . Dividing both sides of these equations by r r we obtain two equations yielding the same polar curve; indeed, the equations are r + cos θ = ± 1 r+ \cos \theta= \pm 1 . We can use one of this two equations to find the length. Let us pick r + cos θ = 1 r+\cos \theta =1 or equivalently, r = 1 cos θ r =1-\cos \theta . Then the arc length will be L = 0 2 π r 2 + ( r ) 2 d θ = 0 2 π ( 1 cos θ ) 2 + ( sin θ ) 2 d θ = 0 2 π 2 2 cos θ d θ = L=\int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{r^2+(r')^2}d\theta=\int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{(1-\cos \theta)^2+(\sin \theta)^2}d \theta=\int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{2- 2\cos \theta}d\theta= = 2 0 2 π sin θ 2 d θ = 8. =2\int_{0}^{2\pi} |\sin \frac{\theta}{2}| d\theta=8.

isn't r 2 = r \sqrt { { r }^{ 2 } } =\left| r \right| ?

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

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This is true. What about it? Do you have another a question?

Arturo Presa - 5 years, 4 months ago

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when you took the square root at the third line,you put plus or minus r instead of the absolute value of it

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

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@Hamza A I understand what you say. But here, what I am using is the so called Square Root Property, that says that if a 2 = b 2 , a^2=b^2, then a = ± b . a=\pm b. Of course, if you take square root of both sides first, then you get a = b , |a|=|b|, that also implies that a = ± b . a=\pm b. The Square Root Property appears, for example, in this website.

Arturo Presa - 5 years, 4 months ago

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@Arturo Presa thanks!,i was confused because when i dealt with these equations,when i take the square root,i put plus or minus,but then i heard that r 2 = r \sqrt { { r }^{ 2 } } =\left| r \right| and things got messed up

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

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