Floor & floor again

How many integers, between 1 and 2016 inclusive, can be represented in the form of x x \left\lfloor x \left\lfloor x \right\rfloor \right\rfloor for some real number x x ?


Subtly different from this problem .


The answer is 2016.

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1 solution

Kushal Bose
Dec 2, 2016

Case(1): Consider : x x is a positive real.Take : x = I + f x=I+f where : I , f I,f are integer and fractional part of : x x respectively.

Putting this in the expression it becomes : x x = ( I + f ) I = I 2 + I f = I 2 + I f \lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor \rfloor \\ =\lfloor (I+f)I \rfloor \\=\lfloor I^2 +If \rfloor \\=I^2 + \lfloor If \rfloor

As : 0 f < 1 0 \leq f <1 so : 0 I f 0 \leq If .So for each : I I the fractional part can be subdivided into : I I parts.An example is suppose : I = 2 I=2 so : I f If becomes : 2 f 2f .If we subdivide two part in : f f i.e. : 0 f < 0.5 0 \leq f < 0.5 and : 0.5 f < 1 0.5 \leq f <1 then two different integers will generate .here this will be : 2 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 1 2^2+0,2^2+1 .The integers that can be expressed in the form of : x x \lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor \rfloor are in the form of : I 2 , I 2 + 1 , I 2 + 2 , . . . . I 2 + I I^2,I^2+1,I^2+2,....I^2+I .So maximum : I I will be : 2016 = 44 \lfloor \sqrt{2016} \rfloor=44 .

The solutions will be : ( 1 2 + 0 ) ; ( 2 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 1 ) ; ( 3 2 + 0 , 3 2 + 1 , 3 2 + 2 ) ; , . . . . . . . . ; ( 4 4 2 + 0 , 4 4 2 + 1 , , , , , , 4 4 2 + 43 ) (1^2+0);(2^2+0,2^2+1);(3^2+0,3^2+1,3^2+2);,........;(44^2+0,44^2+1,,,,,,44^2+43) .Total number of solutions are : = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . . . + 44 = 990 =1+2+3+4+.....+44=990

Case(2): Consider : x x is a negative real number .Take : x = I f x=-I-f where : I I ,: f > 0 f > 0 are integer and fractional part of : x x respectively

Putting this in the expression it becomes : x x = ( I + f ) × ( I + 1 ) = ( I + f ) ( I + 1 ) = I 2 + I + f ( I + 1 ) = I 2 + I + f ( I + 1 ) \lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor \rfloor \\=\lfloor -(I+f)\times -(I+1) \rfloor \\=\lfloor (I+f)(I+1) \rfloor \\=\lfloor I^2+I + f(I+1) \rfloor \\=I^2+I + \lfloor f(I+1) \rfloor .

Here : f f is multiplied with : I + 1 I+1 . so we can subdivide : f f into : I + 1 I+1 parts each will give an integer separately.AS example if we take : I = 2 I=2 then : 3 f 3f will give three integers by subdividing : f f as : 0 < f < 1 / 3 ; 1 / 3 f < 2 / 3 ; 2 / 3 f < 1 0 \lt f<1/3; 1/3 \leq f <2/3 ;2/3 \leq f <1 .So, for any integer : I I in the given range it will also give total : I + 1 I+1 integers as solutions.The maximum value of : I = 44 I=44 .The maximum solution will be : = 4 4 2 + 44 + 44 = 2024 > 2016 =44^2 +44 +44=2024 >2016 .So : 8 8 solutions should be discarded.

The solution set is : ( 1 2 + 1 + 0 , 1 2 + 1 + 1 ) ; ( 2 2 + 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 2 + 1 , 2 2 + 2 + 2 ) ; ( 3 2 + 3 + 0 , 3 2 + 3 + 1 , 3 2 + 3 + 2 , 3 2 + 3 + 3 ) ; . . . . . . . . . , ( 4 4 2 + 44 + 0 , 4 4 2 + 44 + 1 , . . . . 4 4 2 + 44 + 36 ) (1^2+1+0,1^2+1+1);(2^2+2+0,2^2+2+1,2^2+2+2);(3^2+3+0,3^2+3+1,3^2+3+2,3^2+3+3);.........,(44^2+44+0,44^2+44+1,....44^2+44+36) .

Total number of solutions are : ( 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + . . . . . . + 45 ) 8 = 1026 (2+3+4+5+......+45)-8=1026 .

Total solutions are : 1026 + 990 = 2016 1026+990=2016

I think every number from 1 to 2016 can be expressed.

Great writeup!

Instead of doing the counts (and accounting for 2016 to 2024, it's simpler to just state which numbers are covered in the cases, and show that their union is the entire set of integers.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 6 months ago

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I have a suggestion for this community that is there should be an option for asking doubts from problem owner before solving problem. If u kindly look into this matter then this will be helpful for everyone Thanks

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

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Isn't that what "Report problem" does?

Do you feel that's unsatisfactory? If so, why?

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 6 months ago

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@Calvin Lin yes that is fine but i just thinking about other options

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

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@Kushal Bose What do you mean by "thinking about other options" ?

Do you mean that the options of "not clearly stated", "incorrect answer", "violates guidelines" is not sufficient? If so, what other categories do you think are important?

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 6 months ago

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@Calvin Lin I mean to say that there should be another buttton 'Ask Doubts' that will give user a notification to clear their doubts and report problem will be used for the above categories.

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

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