How many integers, between 1 and 2016 inclusive, can be represented in the form of for some real number ?
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Case(1): Consider : x is a positive real.Take : x = I + f where : I , f are integer and fractional part of : x respectively.
Putting this in the expression it becomes : ⌊ x ⌊ x ⌋ ⌋ = ⌊ ( I + f ) I ⌋ = ⌊ I 2 + I f ⌋ = I 2 + ⌊ I f ⌋
As : 0 ≤ f < 1 so : 0 ≤ I f .So for each : I the fractional part can be subdivided into : I parts.An example is suppose : I = 2 so : I f becomes : 2 f .If we subdivide two part in : f i.e. : 0 ≤ f < 0 . 5 and : 0 . 5 ≤ f < 1 then two different integers will generate .here this will be : 2 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 1 .The integers that can be expressed in the form of : ⌊ x ⌊ x ⌋ ⌋ are in the form of : I 2 , I 2 + 1 , I 2 + 2 , . . . . I 2 + I .So maximum : I will be : ⌊ 2 0 1 6 ⌋ = 4 4 .
The solutions will be : ( 1 2 + 0 ) ; ( 2 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 1 ) ; ( 3 2 + 0 , 3 2 + 1 , 3 2 + 2 ) ; , . . . . . . . . ; ( 4 4 2 + 0 , 4 4 2 + 1 , , , , , , 4 4 2 + 4 3 ) .Total number of solutions are : = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . . . + 4 4 = 9 9 0
Case(2): Consider : x is a negative real number .Take : x = − I − f where : I ,: f > 0 are integer and fractional part of : x respectively
Putting this in the expression it becomes : ⌊ x ⌊ x ⌋ ⌋ = ⌊ − ( I + f ) × − ( I + 1 ) ⌋ = ⌊ ( I + f ) ( I + 1 ) ⌋ = ⌊ I 2 + I + f ( I + 1 ) ⌋ = I 2 + I + ⌊ f ( I + 1 ) ⌋ .
Here : f is multiplied with : I + 1 . so we can subdivide : f into : I + 1 parts each will give an integer separately.AS example if we take : I = 2 then : 3 f will give three integers by subdividing : f as : 0 < f < 1 / 3 ; 1 / 3 ≤ f < 2 / 3 ; 2 / 3 ≤ f < 1 .So, for any integer : I in the given range it will also give total : I + 1 integers as solutions.The maximum value of : I = 4 4 .The maximum solution will be : = 4 4 2 + 4 4 + 4 4 = 2 0 2 4 > 2 0 1 6 .So : 8 solutions should be discarded.
The solution set is : ( 1 2 + 1 + 0 , 1 2 + 1 + 1 ) ; ( 2 2 + 2 + 0 , 2 2 + 2 + 1 , 2 2 + 2 + 2 ) ; ( 3 2 + 3 + 0 , 3 2 + 3 + 1 , 3 2 + 3 + 2 , 3 2 + 3 + 3 ) ; . . . . . . . . . , ( 4 4 2 + 4 4 + 0 , 4 4 2 + 4 4 + 1 , . . . . 4 4 2 + 4 4 + 3 6 ) .
Total number of solutions are : ( 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + . . . . . . + 4 5 ) − 8 = 1 0 2 6 .
Total solutions are : 1 0 2 6 + 9 9 0 = 2 0 1 6
I think every number from 1 to 2016 can be expressed.