Fluids on incline

A container filled with liquid moves down a rough fixed inclined plane with constant acceleration as shown in figure above.

The angle of incline is cos 1 3 5 \cos^{-1} \frac{3}{5} and the liquid surface makes an angle of cos 1 4 5 \cos^{-1} \frac{4}{5} with the horizontal.

If the coefficient of friction can be written as a b \dfrac ab where a , b a,b are coprime positive integers, find a + b a+b .


The answer is 31.

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2 solutions

Sriram Vudayagiri
Sep 19, 2015

In case of any discrepancy, feel free to comment.

The exact solution of the problem is tan 1 6 0.287 \tan 16^\circ\approx 0.287 , which cannot be written as the fraction of integers. You want us to assume that tan 53 = 4 / 3 \tan 53 = 4/3 , but that is not obvious.

I have a much shorter solution for you, but because I could not solve the problem, I cannot post it as a regular solution.

Anyway, here it is: First, I work with the local inertial frame of reference of the container, so that the force of gravity can be ignored. I choose the x-axis parallel to the incline. The angle between the liquid surface and the horizontal is now 53 - 37 = 16 degrees. This angle is due to the contact force on the container (normal force and friction).

The normal force is m g cos 5 3 mg\cos 53^\circ in the y-direction, and the friction force is μ m g cos 5 3 \mu mg\cos 53^\circ in the x-direction. The resultant force is perpendicular to the liquid surface, and therefore makes a 16 degree angle with the vertical. This gives tan 1 6 = F x F y = μ . \tan 16^\circ = \frac{F_x}{F_y} = \mu. The friction coefficient is therefore μ = tan 1 6 0.287 \mu = \tan 16^\circ\approx 0.287 .

Arjen Vreugdenhil - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I did it the same way but yes, I approximated the value of t a n 53 tan53 to be 4 3 \frac{4}{3} and value of t a n 37 tan37 to be 3 4 \frac{3}{4} then use t a n ( A B ) tan(A-B) to calculate t a n 16 tan16 . (all angles are in degrees)

However, It should be mentioned in the question to take t a n 53 = 4 3 tan53=\frac{4}{3} and t a n 37 = 3 4 tan37=\frac{3}{4} and the incline is fixed.

Karthik Sharma - 5 years, 8 months ago

Don't tell me u dint assume it to be 3/5 nd 4/5 ... lol

Sriram Vudayagiri - 5 years, 8 months ago

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No I didn't... Because it is only an approximation.

Arjen Vreugdenhil - 5 years, 8 months ago

Why force of gravity can be ignored?

Sriram Vudayagiri - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I chose a coordinate system in free fall. Relative to that coordinate system, there is no gravitational force, and the container is accelerated upward by the normal force from the incline.

Arjen Vreugdenhil - 5 years, 8 months ago

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@Arjen Vreugdenhil oh.. fine.. nice one bro!

Sriram Vudayagiri - 5 years, 8 months ago

Thanks. I have​ edited the problem for clarity.

In future, if you spot any errors with a problem, you can “report” it by selecting "report problem" in the menu. This will notify the problem creator who can fix the issues.

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years ago

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Thanks. 8 months ago I was not aware of the Reporting feature, but now I am :) In fact, nowadays I'd even do the edit myself

Arjen Vreugdenhil - 5 years ago
Prakhar Bindal
Oct 27, 2015

Consider Any Small Point Mass On The Surface Of Liquid . Since A Liquid Cannot Sustain Shear Stress

Therefore The Mass Must Be In Equilibrium Along The Surface Of Liquid. We Work From The Frame Of

Beaker . Resolving Pseudo Force And Weight Of Mass Along the surface of liquid and equating them We Get

4-3x = 3/cos16

For Finding value of cos16 we use trigonometric identity cos(53-37)

On Solving We Get x = 7/24

Although It Should Have Been Mentioned But We Here Use

cos53 = 3/5

cos37 = 4/5

Because Mostly Indian Students Will Know This Approximation .

@Prakhar Bindal - I didn't get why did u took cos16.can u explain plz

Sumanth Hegde - 3 years, 4 months ago

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