Double Integrals ?

Calculate the total electric flux through the paraboloid surface due to a constant horizontal electric field of magnitude E . E .

The radius of paraboloid is 2 m 2 \text{ m} and height is 1 m 1\text{ m} .

E = 10 SI Units E = 10\text{ SI Units} .

You need to calculate the electric flux only due to parabolic surface not due to base.

Give absolute value of flux

Take Horizontal direction along the axis of paraboloid (Line joining Top and base of paraboloid.


The answer is 125.663.

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3 solutions

Abhishek Sinha
Apr 4, 2016

Since the Electric field is constant, there is no charge enclosed by the solid paraboloid body. Hence by Gauss' law, the total flux computed over the entire body is zero, i.e., ϕ curved surface + ϕ base = 0 \phi_{\text{curved surface}} + \phi_{\text{base}}=0 Thus, ϕ curved surface = ϕ base \phi_{\text{curved surface}} =- \phi_{\text{base}} The right hand side of the equation is readily computed to be ϕ base = π R 2 E \phi_{\text{base}}=\pi R^2 E Thus, ϕ curved surface = π R 2 E |\phi_{\text{curved surface}} |=\pi R^2 E

Exactly ! by the way there is no need to put modulus as electric field lines are going out of curved surface hence flux would be positive but i will still add as i think the orientation of paraboloid should be opposite to arrive at a positive answer. i dont understand your first line "Since electric field is constant". so if electric field is not constant then will charge be enclosed by paraboloid?

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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If the electric field is not constant and in particular, if it has a non-zero divergence at a point then there is a non-zero charge density at a point. As an example, consider the following non-constant horizontal electric field in some region of space E ( x , y , z ) = x i ^ \vec{E}(x,y,z)= x \hat{i} Then by the first Maxwell's equation (or equivalently Gauss' law in differential form) it follows that we have a constant positive charge density everywhere in that region.

Actually, I would like to mention that the problem has got nothing to do with Gauss' law or Electrodynamics and is purely a consequence of Divergence theorem . Since the divergence of the constant field is zero, its flux computed over any solid, closed body is zero. This explains the first line of my solution.

Abhishek Sinha - 5 years, 2 months ago

though i got it correct but please mention horizontal direction .

aryan goyat - 5 years, 2 months ago

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i had mentioned it when i had posted it in the morning

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal i mean which one is horizontal.

aryan goyat - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Aryan Goyat is it alright now?

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal yes, you can make part 2 taking the other line as direction of E.

aryan goyat - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Aryan Goyat Thanks for your idea. currently i am quite busy as our centre has gone mad and they have started 5 days a week classes :(

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal ok, but please post it when you get out of your hectic schedule.

aryan goyat - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Aryan Goyat and better ask only for the half part .

aryan goyat - 5 years, 2 months ago
Ayon Ghosh
Jan 24, 2018

2 methods :

Easy method : Φ n e t = 0 \Phi_{net} = 0 ; Φ c i r c u l a r = π E 0 R 2 \Phi_{circular} = -\pi E_{0}R^2 ( inward flux) hence we simply obtain Φ c u r v e d = π E 0 R 2 \Phi_{curved} = \pi E_{0}R^2 .

Tough method : Focus on a differential area dA like in this figure

clearly

d A = r 2 c o s θ d θ d ϕ dA = r^2 cos\theta d\theta d\phi ; For simplicity lets assume E = a z ^ \vec{E} = a \hat{z} .

The normal vector is resolved as

r ^ = s i n θ z ^ + c o s θ s i n ϕ x ^ + c o s θ c o s ϕ y ^ \hat{r} = sin\theta \hat{z} + cos\theta sin \phi \hat{x} + cos\theta cos\phi \hat{y}

Now using Gauss Law

Φ E : = E r d A \Phi_{E}:=\oint \vec{E} \cdot \vec{r} dA clearly E r = E 0 s i n θ \vec{E} \cdot \vec{r} = E_{0} sin \theta

So now we need E 0 s i n θ R 2 c o s θ d θ d ϕ \displaystyle\int \displaystyle\int E_{0} sin\theta R^2 cos \theta d\theta d\phi

θ [ 0 , π 2 ] \theta \in [0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}] and ϕ [ 0 , 2 π ] \phi \in [0,\ 2\pi] so that

0 π / 2 0 2 π E 0 R 2 s i n θ c o s θ d θ d ϕ = 2 π E 0 R 2 0 π / 2 s i n θ c o s θ d θ = π E 0 R 2 \int_0^{\pi/2} \int_0^{2\pi} E_{0}R^2 sin\theta cos \theta d\theta d\phi = 2\pi E_{0}R^2 \int_0^{\pi/2} sin\theta cos \theta d\theta = \boxed{\pi E_{0}R^2}

Cant we simply say that the area of the projection of the area of the paraboloid = area of the base

E × 2 π R 2 \implies E \times 2\pi R^2

Md Zuhair - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Ayon Ghosh ?

Md Zuhair - 3 years, 2 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Yea we can but at that time I had just learned the double integral method so just was showing off :P.

Ayon Ghosh - 3 years, 2 months ago

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@Ayon Ghosh Haha. It's good to showoff!!

Md Zuhair - 3 years, 2 months ago

I'd look at sir @Abhishek Sinha's solution, 'cause it is so much simpler. But, if we want hard work, the flux Φ \Phi is defined by

Φ = R F f x , f y , 1 d A , \Phi = \int \int_{R} \overrightarrow{F} \cdot \langle -f_x, -f_y, 1 \rangle \text{d}A,

where R R is the region we're considering, F \overrightarrow{F} is our vector field and f f defines the surface. It is easy to notice that a possible choice for F \overrightarrow{F} and f f is

F = E 0 , 0 , 1 ; f ( x , y ) = x 2 + y 2 4 , \overrightarrow{F} = E \langle 0, 0, 1 \rangle; \;\;\;\; f(x,y) = \frac{x^2 + y^2}{4},

where the region R R must be a circle of radius 2 2 . Therefore

Φ = R E 0 , 0 , 1 x / 2 , y / 2 , 1 d A = E R d A = 4 π E 125.663 Vm . \Phi = \int \int_{R} E \langle 0, 0, 1 \rangle \cdot \langle -x/2, -y/2, 1 \rangle \text{d}A = E \int \int_{R} \text{d}A = 4\pi E \approx 125.663 \text{Vm}.

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