Fun With Fluids!

Chemistry Level 5

Let us have fun with four ideal liquid samples A , B , C , D .
The original pressure of each of these liquid samples when placed alone in a beaker is as follows:

A : P A = 100 mm {P^\circ}_{A} = 100\text{ mm} of H g \ce{Hg}
B : P B = 200 mm {P^\circ}_{B} = 200\text{ mm} of H g \ce{Hg}
C : P C = 300 mm {P^\circ}_{C} = 300\text{ mm} of H g \ce{Hg}
D : P D = 400 mm {P^\circ}_{D} = 400\text{ mm} of H g \ce{Hg} .

We first take 2 moles of A and 8 moles of B in beaker I \mathbb I . When equilibrium is reached, we condense the vapors above the liquid sample and pour it in beaker I I \mathbb {II} .

In beaker I I \mathbb{ II} we add liquid C until the mole fraction of A and C becomes equal in the solution. When equilibrium is reached, we condense the vapors over this liquid sample and pour it in beaker I I I \mathbb{ III} .

In beaker I I I \mathbb{III} we add liquid D until the mole fraction of liquid B and D becomes equal in the solution. When equilibrium is reached, we condense the vapors above this sample and pour it in beaker I V \mathbb{ IV } .

Let the total pressure (in mm \text{mm} of H g \ce{Hg} ) over the liquid sample in beaker I V \mathbb{IV} when equilibrium is reached be denoted by P P .

If P P can be expressed as M N \dfrac MN , where M M and N N are coprime positive integers, submit your answer as M × N M\times N .

Note : Raoult's law is needed to solve this question and all the liquid samples taken follow this law.

Assume that when the liquid is evaporated, there is no considerable change in the composition of the solution. (Following ideal gas principles for low pressure and high temperature).


Original

This is a part of my set Aniket's Chemistry Challenges .


The answer is 922200.

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1 solution

Aniket Sanghi
Sep 19, 2016

Relevant wiki: Vapor Pressure and Raoult's Law

At 1st, I will like to try to clear a doubt which generally many people are having - When the equilibrium is reached , some part of liquid will be evaporated , so , the composition in the solution must change ? ( As asked to me by @Prakhar Bindal )

I thought on it a bit and got one line that these laws are valid at a low pressure and high temperature condition (Ideal gas condition ) , so we can say that since the number of moles evaporated is very-very less , there is no considerable change in the composition of the solution.

Also , I am mentioning the Ideal gas condition in the assumption.


I will solve by considering ratios as mole fraction is all about the ratio of moles and Raoult's law is all about mole fraction!
Here n n represents mole & P P represents pressure ( Here partial pressure )
Beaker I \mathbb I :
At equilibrium,
In solution n A : n B = 1 : 4 {n}_{A} : {n}_{B} = 1 : 4
In Vapour phase P A : P B = 100 × 1 5 : 200 × 4 5 = 1 : 8 {P}_{A} : {P}_{B} = 100 \times \frac {1}{5} : 200 \times \frac {4}{5} = 1 : 8


Beaker I I \mathbb{ II}
After adding C and at equilibrium
In solution n A : n B : n C = 1 : 8 : 1 {n}_{A} : {n}_{B} : {n}_{C} = 1 : 8 : 1
In Vapour phase P A : P B : P C = 1 : 16 : 3 {P}_{A} : {P}_{B} : {P}_{C} = 1 : 16 : 3

Beaker I I I \mathbb{ III}
After adding D and at equilibrium
In solution n A : n B : n C : n D = 1 : 16 : 3 : 16 {n}_{A} : {n}_{B} : {n}_{C} : {n}_{D} = 1 : 16 : 3 : 16
In Vapour phase P A : P B : P C : P D = 1 : 32 : 9 : 64 {P}_{A} : {P}_{B} : {P}_{C} : {P}_{D} = 1 : 32 : 9 : 64

Beaker I V \mathbb{ IV}
At equilibrium,
In solution n A : n B : n C : n D = 1 : 32 : 9 : 64 {n}_{A} : {n}_{B} : {n}_{C} : {n}_{D} = 1 : 32 : 9 : 64
Total pressure
P = P A χ A + P B χ B + P C χ C + P D χ D = 17400 53 P = {P^\circ}_{A} {\chi }_{A} + {P^\circ}_{B} {\chi}_{B} + {P^\circ}_{C} {\chi}_{C} + {P^\circ}_{D} {\chi}_{D} = \frac {17400}{53}

(Where , χ i {\chi}_{i} represents the mole fraction of i th {i}^\text{th} component of liquid in solution )

M × N = 922200 \boxed { M\times N = 922200 } .

WOW! Great method bro !!

neelesh vij - 4 years, 8 months ago

I Wish there could be a method by which we can upvote a solution more than once! :)

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 8 months ago

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Seriously, this question is the best to test one's idea about liquids!

Arunava Das - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Thanks for the compliments!

Aniket Sanghi - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Aniket Sanghi Its true... No compliments Bhaiya... Your Brother will be proud when he will solve these questions and think his own bhaiya made this qs.

Awesome!

Md Zuhair - 3 years, 1 month ago

As the problem is now posed, the answer fits the conditions. I would just say that the constraint on the liquid composition (that the number of moles does not change significantly) makes it difficult to actually perform the experiment. Since the volume of a gas is typically 1000 or more times the volume of the liquid phase, starting with 10 moles of substance would lead to microscopic amounts in the final beaker. On the other hand, allowing the composition of the liquid to change as evaporation occurs would result in more solution being condensed, but would also require more information to be solvable. We would need to know the volume of the space above the liquid in order to establish the final equilibrium concentrations, but this would change the final answer. Alternately, if we started with industrial sized vats, there would be enough condensate in the final step to be measurable, and we could still keep the assumption that concentrations would not change significantly, and preserve the final answer.

Tom Capizzi - 4 years, 8 months ago

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That's True!

And that is actually what we call as the difference between Real and Ideal situation , Ideal is theoritical (in some case practical also) and real is practical!

Aniket Sanghi - 4 years, 8 months ago

i did it :)

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 3 months ago

Yep,that's true indeed.The composition of the solution changes.As the liquid solution gets vaporized,its pressure always keeps on decreasing.Intact the composition at the bubble point is such the χ a \chi _{a} becomes Y a Y_{a} .However equilibrium is established quickly in these cases and the liquid composition can be assumed to be almost the same in equilibrium.

Spandan Senapati - 3 years, 9 months ago

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