Functional Integral

Calculus Level 3

For a smooth function f f , if x f ( x ) = ( x + 1 ) f ( x ) d x \displaystyle{xf(x) = \int{(x+1)f(x)dx}} find f ( 2 ) f(2) to three decimal places if f ( 0 ) = 1 f(0) = 1 .


The answer is 7.389.

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1 solution

Akeel Howell
Mar 21, 2017

x f ( x ) = f ( x ) ( x + 1 ) d x d d x [ x f ( x ) ] = d d x [ x f ( x ) + f ( x ) d x ] d d x [ x f ( x ) ] = x f ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x ) + x f ( x ) = x f ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) = a e x \displaystyle{xf(x) = \int{f(x)(x+1)dx} \implies \dfrac{d}{dx}\left[xf(x)\right] = \dfrac{d}{dx}\left[\displaystyle{\int{xf(x)+f(x)dx}}\right] \\ \dfrac{d}{dx}\left[xf(x)\right] = xf(x)+f(x) \implies f(x)+xf'(x) = xf(x)+f(x) \\ \therefore f(x) = f'(x) \implies f(x) = \space ae^{x}}

We have that f ( 0 ) = 1 f(0) = 1 and therefore a = 1 a = 1 so e 0 e^0 is indeed 1 1 .

Thus , f ( 2 ) = e 2 7.389 \text{Thus},\quad f(2) = e^2 \approx 7.389


The constant of integration can be nothing but 0 0 here because f ( x ) = f ( x ) f(x) = f'(x) and this wouldn't hold if f ( x ) = e x + C f(x) = e^x + C for C 0 C \neq 0 .

What about integration constant ?

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 2 months ago

Good point. I'll state that we should ignore it.

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

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It's not a conventional way to ignore constant in such a way.Give some known functional values such as f ( 0 ) = 1 f(0)=1 .

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 2 months ago

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I added an initial value in the problem.

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Akeel Howell Now its fine

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Kushal Bose Yes you are correct, It is not correct to Just Make a statement that "Constant of Integration Doesnt Exist" Yes Akeel , You are correct but what you are trying to say is

Take c = 0 \text{Take c} = 0

Isnt It?

And @Akeel Howell , Check out this problem on your problem #25 Measure Your Calibre

Md Zuhair - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Yeah that's exactly what I was trying to say.

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Akeel Howell Yeah, I could Understand, And yes, Change your Solution where you find out c = 0 c = 0

Md Zuhair - 4 years, 2 months ago

@Md Zuhair Nice problem! It really demonstrates how careful we should be when dealing with complex numbers.

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Akeel Howell Thanks. Actually I faced this problem while I was doin it. Later on I got cos ix = coshx. So I thought of sharing the problem such that no one other does the same misconceptional mistake

Md Zuhair - 4 years, 2 months ago

@Kushal Bose I've actually found that the constant of integration can be nothing but 0 0 here because f ( x ) = f ( x ) f(x) = f'(x) . This wouldn't hold if the constant of integration was not 0 0 . Any thoughts?

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Akeel Howell If f ( x ) = c e x f(x)=ce^x then also f ( x ) = f ( x ) f(x)=f'(x)

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Kushal Bose Ok I see your point now.

Akeel Howell - 4 years, 2 months ago

You should mention that f is a differentiable function in the problem.

Leonel Castillo - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Thank you.

Done!

Akeel Howell - 2 years, 11 months ago

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