Fuss-ional Bicentric Integral Quadrilateral

Geometry Level 5

In the circumcircle of integer-valued radius R R , the bicentric quadrilateral whose side lengths are all integer-valued - each of them less than 100 100 - and whose inradius is also integer-valued contains both integer-valued area A A (green and light blue inclusive) and integer-valued perimeter P P . In addition, the shortest distance between the circumcenter and the incenter is also integer-valued d d .

If d , r , R , A , P d,r,R,A,P are positive integers and gcd ( d , r , R , A , P ) = 1 \gcd (d,r,R,A,P) = 1 , input r + R + A + P r + R + A + P as your answer (without the d d ).


The answer is 2607.

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2 solutions

David Vreken
May 6, 2021

Some equations for a bicentric quadrilateral with sides a a , b b , c c , and d d include:

a + c = b + d a + c = b + d

A = a b c d A = \sqrt{abcd}

P = a + b + c + d P = a + b + c + d

r = a b c d a + c = 2 A P r = \cfrac{\sqrt{abcd}}{a + c} = \cfrac{2A}{P}

R = 1 4 ( a b + c d ) ( a c + b d ) ( a d + b c ) a b c d = ( a b + c d ) ( a c + b d ) ( a d + b c ) 4 A R = \cfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{\cfrac{(ab + cd)(ac + bd)(ad + bc)}{abcd}} = \cfrac{\sqrt{(ab + cd)(ac + bd)(ad + bc)}}{4A}

d = x = R 2 + r 2 r 4 R 2 + r 2 d = x = \sqrt{R^2 + r^2 - r\sqrt{4R^2 + r^2}} (Fuss' Theorem)

The following computer program brute forces every possibility for 0 < a < 100 0 < a < 100 , a b < 100 a \leq b < 100 , b c < 100 b \leq c < 100 , c d < 100 c \leq d < 100 and finds that the only set with integer solutions is a = 42 a = 42 , b = 42 b = 42 , c = 56 c = 56 , d = 56 d = 56 , A = 2352 A = 2352 , P = 196 P = 196 , r = 24 r = 24 , R = 35 R = 35 , x = 5 x = 5 , and r + R + A + P = 2607 r + R + A + P = \boxed{2607} .

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import math
for a in range(1, 100):
    for b in range(a, 100):
        for c in range(b, 100):
            d = a + c - b
            if d >= c:
                A = math.sqrt(a * b * c * d)
                P = a + b + c + d
                r = 2.0 * A / P
                R = math.sqrt((a * b + c * d) * (a * c + b * d) * (
                    a * d + b * c)) / (4 * A)
                if R ** 2 + r ** 2 - r * math.sqrt(4 * R ** 2 + r ** 2) > 0:
                    x = math.sqrt(R ** 2 + r ** 2 - r * math.sqrt(
                        4 * R ** 2 + r ** 2))
                    if (A - int(A)) == 0 and (r - int(r)) == 0 and (
                        R - int(R)) == 0 and (x - int(x)) == 0:
                        print(a, b, c, d, A, P, r, R, x, r + R + A + P)

Saya Suka
Apr 28, 2021

Using the smallest right triangle available, we want the r to be divisible by both legs while also having an even diameter for the circumcircle, that equate having an even hypothenuse, so that the R is an integer.
r = (product of smallest legs) × (evening factor)
= 3 × 4 × 2
= 24


R = 5 × (3 + 4)
= 35

A = [ 2 × 3 × (3 + 4) ] × [ 2 × 4 × (3 + 4) ]
= 2352

P = 2 × { [ 2 × 3 × (3 + 4) ] + [ 2 × 4 × (3 + 4) ] }
= 196

Answer
= 24 + 35 + 2352 + 196
= 2607

@Saya Suka - How do you know that the quadrilateral has a right angle? Is this solution unique? Why should the quadrilateral be the one of maximal area, i.e. a right kite? Please explain.

Thanos Petropoulos - 1 month, 1 week ago

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I guess the assumption came from me not understanding the word bicentric, and looking at the diagram I just assumed that whatever it means, having two right angles must have been one of the characteristics. Bi should be 2, but I don't know how a quad can have 2 centers?

Saya Suka - 1 month, 1 week ago

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Then, you 've been lucky:) Have a look here . If you read the article you 'll find an explanation for the problem's title too.

Thanos Petropoulos - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Thanos Petropoulos Thanks, I read the linked wiki page and most related ones, too (open it when the comment said 'just now'). I think a square would be impossible for positive d (d = 0) and isosceles trapeziums would be impossible for integer d?

Saya Suka - 1 month, 1 week ago

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