Halved long division

Logic Level 1

Below is a long division with some digits hidden. What is the sum of all the missing digits?

Note that the leading digit of each number cannot be 0.


The answer is 19.

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2 solutions

Naren Bhandari
Feb 5, 2018

Let us assign the unfilled boxes as below 0 6 0 x 0 y \enclose l o n g d i v 0 a 7 0 b 8 9 \LARGE{ \begin{array}{rll} \phantom{0}\ \boxed{6} && \\[-2pt] \boxed{\phantom{0}x} \ \boxed{\phantom{0}y}\ \enclose{longdiv}{\boxed{\phantom{0}a} \ \boxed{7}}\kern-.2ex \\[-2pt] \underline{\boxed{\phantom{0}b} \ \boxed{8}} && \\[-2pt] \boxed{9} \end{array} } From above long division we can draw out ( 10 a + 7 ) ( 10 b + 8 ) = 9 a b = 1 \begin{aligned}(10a+7)-(10b+8) =9 \Rightarrow a-b= 1 \end{aligned} We conclude that the difference of a a and b b is 1 which makes us clear that they are co-prime( moreover they are consecutive integers) to each other where a > b a> b .

Also we can have 6 × x y = 10 b + 8 5 b + 4 = 3 × x y \begin{aligned}6\times xy = 10b +8 \Rightarrow 5b+4 =3\times xy \end{aligned} Adding 1 1 on both sides we get 5 ( b + 1 ) = 3 × x y + 1 \begin{aligned} &5(b+1) = 3\times xy +1 \end{aligned} or 5 a = 3 × x y + 1 5 a = 30 x + 3 y + 1 \begin{aligned} &5a = 3\times xy +1 \\& 5a = 30x+3y +1 \end{aligned} The range of x is 0 < x 3 0<x \leq 3 .If we input either x = 2 x= 2 or x = 3 x=3 then a a will be two digits number(which is not as a a is single digit). So the appropriate value for x x is 1 1 . Entering x = 1 x=1 equation becomes 5 a = 31 + 3 y \begin{aligned}& 5a = 31 +3y\end{aligned} This equation will be true and a a will be a single digit if 31 + 3 y < 50 31+3y < 50 for which the value for y = 3 y = 3 . Then a = 31 + 3 × 3 5 = 8 c c c c c c , b = 8 1 = 7 \begin{aligned}a = \frac{31+3\times3 }{5} = 8 \phantom {cccccc}, b = 8-1 =7\end{aligned} Therefore the sum of a + b + x + y = 8 + 7 + 1 + 3 = 19 a+b+x+y = 8+7+1+3=\boxed{19} .

2nd Solution written using the hints provided by Sir @Pi Han Goh

Since x y < 100 6 , x y > 10 10 < x y < 100 6 60 < 6 x y < 100 60 < ( 10 b + 8 ) < 100 10 < 10 b + 8 6 < 100 6 10 < 10 ( b 1 ) + 18 6 < 16 10 < 10 ( b 1 ) 6 + 3 < 16 \begin{aligned}& xy < \frac{100}{6} , xy >10 \\& \implies 10 < xy < \frac{100}{6} \\& \implies 60 < 6xy < 100\\& \implies 60 < (10b +8) \ < 100\\& \implies 10 < \frac{10b+8}{6}< \frac{100}{6}\\& \implies 10 < \frac{10(b-1)+18}{6}<16\\& \implies 10 < \frac{10(b-1)}{6} +3 < 16 \\& \end{aligned} 10 ( b 1 ) 6 \frac{10(b-1)} {6} will be an integer iff b 1 b-1 multiple integral of 6. So b 1 = 6 n , n N b = 6 n + 1 b = 7 , 13 , 19 , 6 n + 1 \begin{aligned} & b-1 = 6n , n \in N \\& \Rightarrow b = 6n+1 \\& b = 7 , 13 , 19 ,\cdots 6n+1\end{aligned} Since b b is single digit number so only acceptable value of b b is 7 7 . Hence the inequality above becomes 10 < 13 < 16 \begin{aligned}10< 13 <16\end{aligned}

A simpler way to solve this is:

xy * 6 is a 2-digit number, so xy * 6 < 100 ==> xy < 100/6. Can you take it from here?

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Since x y < 100 6 , x y 10 10 x y < 100 6 60 6 x y < 100 60 ( 10 b + 8 ) < 100 10 10 b + 8 6 < 100 6 10 10 ( b 1 ) + 18 6 < 16 10 10 ( b 1 ) 6 + 3 < 16 \begin{aligned}& xy < \frac{100}{6} , xy \geq10 \\& \implies 10\leq xy < \frac{100}{6} \implies 60\leq 6xy < 100\\& \implies 60 \geq (10b +8) \ < 100\\& \implies 10\leq \frac{10b+8}{6}< \frac{100}{6}\\& \implies 10\leq \frac{10(b-1)+18}{6}<16\\& \implies 10\leq\frac{10(b-1)}{6} +3 < 16 \\& \end{aligned} 10 ( b 1 ) 6 \frac{10(b-1)} {6} will be an integer iff b 1 b-1 multiple integral of 6. So b 1 = 6 n , n N b = 6 n + 1 b = 7 , 13 , 19 , 6 n + 1 \begin{aligned} & b-1 = 6n , n \in N \\& \Rightarrow b = 6n+1 \\& b = 7 , 13 , 19 ,\cdots 6n+1\end{aligned} Since b b is single digit number so only acceptable value of b b is 7 7 . Hence the inequality above becomes 10 13 < 16 \begin{aligned}10\leq 13 <16\end{aligned}

Is this correct sir @Pi Han Goh ?

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Yes, correct. Well done! :)

Here's a shorter explanation:

  • The last digit of y * 6 is 8. By trial and error, y = 3 or 8 only.

  • Since xy * 6 is another 2-digit number, then xy * 6 < 100 ==> xy < 16.6666.

Combining the 2 statements above, we get xy = 13 only. What's left is to complete the long division.

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Thank you sir !! I could have directly said that last digit product is 8 but I was much interesting to show it is 13*6 = 78 . To do show addition by 10 a step is added . : ) Thank you for your explanation

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Naren Bhandari No problem. Glad you've enjoyed it. Do try out my other problems in long division by navigating through the search bar and type "pi han goh long division".

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh I really enjoyed it Sir ! Sure I will be trying that one too. 😊😊

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 4 months ago

The long division is 0 6 0 1 0 3 \enclose l o n g d i v 0 8 7 0 7 8 9 \LARGE{ \begin{array}{rll} \phantom{0}\ \boxed{6} && \\[-2pt] \boxed{\phantom{0}1} \ \boxed{\phantom{0}3}\ \enclose{longdiv}{\boxed{\phantom{0}8} \ \boxed{7}}\kern-.2ex \\[-2pt] \underline{\boxed{\phantom{0}7} \ \boxed{8}} && \\[-2pt] \boxed{9} \end{array} }

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