Partially hard summation

Algebra Level 3

1 1 × 2 × 3 + 1 2 × 3 × 4 + 1 3 × 4 × 5 + + 1 98 × 99 × 100 \large \dfrac{1}{1 \times 2 \times 3} + \dfrac{1}{2 \times 3 \times 4} + \dfrac{1}{3 \times 4 \times 5} + \cdots + \dfrac{1}{98 \times 99 \times 100}

Find the exact value of the summation above.

4949 19800 \frac{4949}{19800} 250 919 \frac{250}{919} 3 4 \frac34 1 2 \frac12

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1 solution

Jack Cornish
May 16, 2015

To solve this question, you must first write the general form of the fraction for the n n th term of the series. We have 1 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) \dfrac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)} for each n n . We can break this up into partial fractions by doing the following:

1 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) \dfrac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)} = ( n + 2 ) n n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) \dfrac{(n+2)-n}{n(n+1)(n+2)} = 1 2 ( 1 n ( n + 1 ) 1 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ) . \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{2} (\dfrac{1}{n(n+1)}-\dfrac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}).

From this, we see that n = 1 98 1 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) = 1 2 [ ( 1 1 2 1 2 3 ) + ( 1 2 3 1 3 4 ) + + ( 1 98 99 1 99 100 ) ] . \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{98} \dfrac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)} =\dfrac{1}{2}\displaystyle[ (\dfrac{1}{1*2}-\dfrac{1}{2*3}) + (\dfrac{1}{2*3}-\dfrac{1}{3*4}) + \cdots + (\dfrac{1}{98*99}-\dfrac{1}{99*100})].

We see that cancelation will occur, leaving us with only 1 2 ( 1 1 2 1 99 100 ) \dfrac{1}{2} \displaystyle ( \dfrac{1}{1*2} - \dfrac{1}{99*100}) = 4949 19800 . \boxed{\dfrac{4949}{19800}}.

Moderator note:

Yes you're right. You don't need to "completely" perform partial fractions because the key thing here is to state the expression in the form of a n a n 1 a_n - a_{n-1} thus forming a telescoping sum.

What are partial fractions?????

Akshat Sharda - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Partial fractions are fractions that the more complex fraction is decomposed into. Example:

3 x + 11 x 2 x 6 = 4 x 3 1 x + 2 \dfrac{3x+11}{x^2-x-6} = \dfrac{4}{x-3}-\dfrac{1}{x+2} .

Jack Cornish - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Can you tell me how you just splitted them ??

I can see the fators of denominator in the other step . Am I going right??

Akshat Sharda - 5 years, 9 months ago

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@Akshat Sharda The factorization of the denominator is ( x 3 ) ( x + 2 ) (x-3)(x+2) . Thus, we can say that A x 3 + B x + 2 = 3 x + 11 x 2 x 6 \dfrac{A}{x-3}+\dfrac{B}{x+2} = \dfrac{3x+11}{x^2-x-6} . As a result we have the equation A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x 3 ) = 3 x + 11 A(x+2) +B(x-3) = 3x+11 . Then, A + B = 3 , 2 A 3 B = 11 A+B = 3, 2A-3B = 11 . The solution to this system is A = 4 A = 4 and B = 1 B = -1 .

Jack Cornish - 5 years, 9 months ago

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@Jack Cornish Thanks !! Now I have learned Partial fractions.

Akshat Sharda - 5 years, 9 months ago

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