How complex can it get

Algebra Level 4

if 1 a + w + 1 b + w + 1 c + w + 1 d + w = 2 w \dfrac{1}{a+w} + \dfrac{1}{b+w} +\dfrac{1}{c+w} +\dfrac{1}{d+w} =\dfrac{2}{w}

where w w is the non real cube root of unity.

find the value of

1 d + w 2 + 1 c + w 2 + 1 b + w 2 + 1 a + w 2 = ? \dfrac{1}{d+w^{2}} + \dfrac{1}{c+w^{2}} +\dfrac{1}{b+w^{2}} +\dfrac{1}{a+w^{2}} =?

1 w 2 \dfrac{1}{w^2} 1 2 w 2 \dfrac{2}{w^2} 2

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3 solutions

Let a a , b b , c c and d d be a 1 a_1 , a 2 a_2 , a 3 a_3 and a 4 a_4 respectively. Therefore,

\(\begin{array} {} \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{1}{a_k + \omega} & = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{a_k + \omega^2}{(a_k + \omega)(a_k + \omega^2)} \\ & = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{a_k + \omega^2}{a_k^2 + (\color{red}{\omega + \omega^2})a_k + \color{blue}{\omega^3}} & \small \color{red} {[\omega^2 + \omega + 1 = 0]} \\ & = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{a_k + \omega^2}{a_k^2 \color{red}{-}a_k + \color{blue}{1}} & \small \color{blue} {[\omega^3 = 1 ]} \end{array} \)

k = 1 4 a k + ω 2 a k 2 a k + 1 = 2 ω = 2 ω 3 ω = 0 + 2 ω 2 \begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{\color{#3D99F6}{a_k} + \color{#D61F06}{\omega^2}}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1} & = \dfrac{2}{\omega} = \frac{2\omega^3}{\omega} = \color{#3D99F6}{0} + \color{#D61F06}{2\omega^2} \end{aligned}

k = 1 4 a k a k 2 a k + 1 + ω 2 k = 1 4 1 a k 2 a k + 1 = 0 + 2 ω 2 \begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \color{#3D99F6} {\sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{a_k}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1}} + \color{#D61F06} {\omega^2 \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{1}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1}} & = \color{#3D99F6}{0} + \color{#D61F06}{2\omega^2} \end{aligned}

{ k = 1 4 a k a k 2 a k + 1 = 0 k = 1 4 1 a k 2 a k + 1 = 2 \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \displaystyle \color{#3D99F6} {\sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{a_k}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1} = 0} \\ \displaystyle \color{#D61F06} {\sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{1}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1}=2} \end{cases}

Similarly,

k = 1 4 1 a k + ω 2 = k = 1 4 a k + ω a k 2 a k + 1 = 2 ω = 2 ω ω 3 = 2 ω 2 \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{1}{a_k + \omega^2} & = \sum_{k=1}^4 \frac{\color{#3D99F6}{a_k} + \color{#D61F06}{\omega}}{a_k^2 - a_k + 1} = \color{#D61F06}{2\omega} = \frac{2\omega}{\omega^3} = \boxed{\dfrac{2}{\omega^2}}\end{aligned}

I didnt understand the second last step that you did ie the summatios that you wrote in red and blue ,could you please explain those

avn bha - 5 years, 10 months ago

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All he did was split the summation into two summations: one with the a k a_k numerator, and one with the ω 2 \omega^2 numerator. Together, the two sums should equal 2 ω 2 2\omega^2 . He divided both sides of the red summation by ω 2 \omega^2 and then set the other sum equal to 0 0 .

Ryan Tamburrino - 5 years, 10 months ago

Yes, Ryan is right. I have added a line to explain better.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 10 months ago

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In the same question we also had to prove that a+b+c+d=2abcd , and abd+acd+abc+bcd=2 , how can we do it using the above relations that we proved?

avn bha - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Avn Bha I am yet to try the other problem.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 10 months ago

Loved the method. Awesome!!! I took both side conjugate and proved it.

ritik agrawal - 3 years, 10 months ago
Prakhar Bindal
Nov 22, 2015

Simply take complex conjugate on both sides . and use the fact that a,b,c,d are real numbers so there complex conjugate will be a,b,c,d itself . also both the complex cube roots of unity are also the complex conjugate of each other . thats it!

Avn Bha
Aug 4, 2015

please can somebody post a solution i was not able to solve this!

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