Unusual setup

Algebra Level 3

If the roots of a polynomial 4 x 3 12 x 2 + 11 x + k 4x^3 - 12x^2 + 11x + k form an arithmetic progression for constant k k , what is the value of k k ?


The answer is -3.

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3 solutions

Mehul Arora
Jun 10, 2015

Adding the roots of the polynomial, We get a + a + a + d d = 3 a a+a+a+d-d=3a

Now, From Vieta's Formulas, We know that Sum of roots of the Polynomial = b a = ( 12 ) 4 = 3 = \dfrac{-b}{a}= \dfrac{-(-12)}{4}=3

Therefore 3 a = 3 , a = 1. 3a=3, a=1.

Now since,a=1 is a root of the polynomial, p(1) should be =0

= 3 × 1 12 × 1 + 11 + k = 0 =3 \times 1-12 \times 1 +11 +k=0

3 + k = 0 3+k=0

k = ( 3 ) k=(-3)

Answer:- 3 \boxed{-3}

Cheers!

Moderator note:

Nice use of P ( 1 ) = 0 P(1) = 0 to quickly determine the value of k k .

Bonus question : Would the answer still be the same if the roots form a geometric progression instead? How about a harmonic progression instead?

How did you get the first statement ?

Rishik Jain - 6 years ago

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You mean the sum of the roots one?

Mehul Arora - 6 years ago

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That 3a one ?

Rishik Jain - 6 years ago

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@Rishik Jain We are given that the roots of the Polynomial are a+d,a and a-d. Adding the 3 roots, we get a-d+a+a+d = 3a.

I hope it helps :D

Mehul Arora - 6 years ago

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@Mehul Arora Oh okay right thanks

Rishik Jain - 6 years ago

In reply to challenge master's note: If the roots are in g.p then k can be -1 if roots r not real

We know product of roots=k

a.b.c=k. ........... (i)

For gp; b 2 = a . c b^{2}=a.c

Putting in 1

b 3 = k b^{3}=k

Hence k can be -1 if the roots r not real but in HP k can be -1 without any condition.

Naman Kapoor - 5 years, 11 months ago

Let a - d, a and a + d be the roots that forms an A.P. Since the sum of the roots is 3, 3a = 3 or a = 1 (one of the three roots). Just plug in 1 will give us k + 3 or k = -3.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jun 10, 2015

Let the roots of the polynomial be a a , b b and c c and a < b < c a<b<c . Since they form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of d d , then a = b d a = b-d and c = b + d c=b+d .

Now by Vieta's Formulas, we have:

{ a + b + c = 12 4 = 3 b d + b + b + d = 3 3 b = 3 b = 1 a b + b c + c a = 11 4 ( 1 d ) ( 1 ) + ( 1 ) ( 1 + d ) + ( 1 + d ) ( 1 d ) = 3 d 2 = 11 4 d 2 = 1 4 d = ± 1 2 a = 1 2 b = 1 c = 3 2 a b c = k 4 1 2 ˙ 1 ˙ 3 2 = k 4 k 4 = 3 4 k = 3 \begin{cases} a+b+c = \frac{12}{4} = 3 & \Rightarrow b-d + b + b + d = 3 \\ & \Rightarrow 3b = 3 \quad \Rightarrow b = 1 \\ ab+bc+ca = \frac{11}{4} & \Rightarrow (1-d)(1) +(1)(1+d) + (1+d)(1-d) \\ & \quad = 3-d^2 = \frac{11}{4} \quad \Rightarrow d^2 = \frac{1}{4} \quad \Rightarrow d = \pm \frac{1}{2} \\ & \Rightarrow a = \frac{1}{2} \quad b = 1 \quad c = \frac{3}{2} \\ abc = -\frac{k}{4} & \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\dot{} 1 \dot{} \frac{3}{2} = - \frac{k}{4} \quad \Rightarrow -\frac{k}{4} = \frac{3}{4} \quad \Rightarrow k = \boxed{-3} \end{cases}

Moderator note:

Yes, this is a viable approach as well. But you can simplify your work by a little if you follow Mehul Arora's approach.

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