Find Give your answer to 2 decimal places. (Don't round off) For example: Suppose the answer is . Then type .
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We all know that ∫ 0 ∞ e − x 2 d x = 2 π (Result of Gaussian Integral, the integrand in it is an even function). Also, ∫ 0 ∞ e i x 2 d x = 2 e i 4 π π Which can easily be proved by the previous claim.
Now comes the drum roll! e i x 2 = cos ( x 2 ) + i sin ( x 2 ) By the second claim, we get ∫ 0 ∞ cos ( x 2 ) d x + i ∫ 0 ∞ sin ( x 2 ) d x = 2 π ( 2 1 + i 2 1 ) Comparing the imaginary parts, we get ∫ 0 ∞ sin ( x 2 ) d x = 8 π ≈ 0 . 6 2
(This solution is not completely mine, my idea was to use the unnormalized sinc function and take the inverse Fourier Transform, but this also is good)
We know that ∫ 0 ∞ sin ( x 2 ) d x = ∫ 0 ∞ cos ( x 2 ) d x
f ^ ( ξ ) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ d x ∣ x ∣ 1 e − 2 π i x ξ = 2 R e ∫ 0 ∞ d x x 1 e − 2 π i x ξ = ∣ ξ ∣ 1 I = ∫ 0 ∞ d x cos ( x 2 ) = R e ∫ 0 ∞ d x e i x 2 = 2 1 R e ∫ 0 ∞ d y y e i y = 4 1 f ^ ( − 2 π 1 ) = 8 π .
Finally, the \sinc function solution!
Fourier Transform of the sinc function is defined as: g ^ ( ξ ) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ x 2 sin ( x 2 ) e − 2 π i ξ x d x ∂ ξ 2 ∂ 2 g ^ ( ξ ) = − 4 π 2 ∫ − ∞ ∞ d x sin ( x 2 ) e − 2 π i ξ x Evaluating at ξ = 0 , ∫ 0 ∞ d x sin ( x 2 ) = − 8 π 2 1 ∂ ξ 2 ∂ 2 g ^ ( ξ ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ξ → 0 Which gives the required answer.