Inspired by Abhay Tiwari

Calculus Level 4

x x x e = 2 \huge x^{x^{\cdot^{\cdot^{x^{e}}}}}=2

Find all positive solutions x x of the equation above.

Clarification : The LHS represents an infinite power tower.


Inspiration and still more inspiration .

x = 2 x=2 x = e x=e There is no solution None of the others There is more than one solution x = e 1 / e x=e^{1/e} x = 2 x=\sqrt{2}

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1 solution

Andreas Wendler
May 16, 2016

From power tower it follows l n 2 l n x = 2 \frac{ln2}{lnx}=2 and therefore x = 2 1 2 x=2^{\frac{1}{2}} .

Would that still work if we had a 4 or a 5 on top of the tower, instead of an e e ?

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Of course! Because we have an infinite number of 'x' the question is what comes after infinity? So I guess the most above exponent doesn't play any role!

Andreas Wendler - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Oh but it does. Just plug in 4 on top and work your way down, step by step.

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@Otto Bretscher Behavior is very curious then. Numeric shows that for x = s q r t 2 x=sqrt{2} the tower is infinity. However for not too small deviations from x it has almost value 2. With an e on top x is exact s q r t 2 sqrt{2} .

Andreas Wendler - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@Andreas Wendler What you want to explore is the situation where x = 2 x=\sqrt{2} and we vary the number on top.

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@Otto Bretscher For natural numbers on the top up to '8' I get:

0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8: tower converges against 2

4, 5, 7: tower diverges

Since 2<e<3 the tower therefore converges for x = 2 x=\sqrt{2} !

Andreas Wendler - 5 years ago

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@Andreas Wendler It would be interesting to see the graph of this result and when/where it starts to diverge... @Otto Bretscher @Abhay Tiwari

Geoff Pilling - 5 years ago

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@Geoff Pilling Sir, what I observed was that calculating it through Lambert

a = W ( l n ( 2 e ) ) l n ( 2 e ) 2 a=-\frac{W(- ln (\sqrt[e]{2}))}{ln (\sqrt[e]{2})}\approx \sqrt{2} , it's an exception that there was an e e at the top, This equation will not hold for any value at the top other than 2 < x < 3 2 < x < 3 .

Abhay Tiwari - 5 years ago

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@Abhay Tiwari Ah, very interesting!

Geoff Pilling - 5 years ago

Sir, I recently solved a question posted by Abhay Tiwari named Inspired by Otto Bretscher, Sir Chew-Seong Cheong has posted a solution for the problem. I wonder if the same method can be used to solve this question also. I am very curious about these types of prooblems as suddenly fom no where the concept of divergence and convergence jumps in. Sir, could help me a little by explaing wht it means and how to decide whether a series is converging or diverging?

Puneet Pinku - 5 years ago

Respected sir, try posting a solution to this problem Disturbing coefficients .

Puneet Pinku - 5 years ago

Can this be put as , X^2=2 ?

Aamir Rafiq - 4 years, 11 months ago

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