Inspired by Mridul Jain

Geometry Level 4

x n = a sin n θ + b cos n θ \large x_n=a \sin n\theta+b\cos n\theta

Find x 7 x_7 if the numbers a , a, b b and θ \theta satisfy the following equations: x 1 = 15 , x_1=15, x 2 = 3 , x_2=3, and x 3 = 12. x_3=-12.


Inspiration .


The answer is 15.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

2 solutions

Arturo Presa
Dec 27, 2015

Using the identities sin x + sin y = 2 sin ( x + y 2 ) cos ( x y 2 ) \sin x +\sin y=2\sin (\frac{x+y}{2})\cos(\frac{x-y}{2}) and cos x + cos y = 2 cos ( x + y 2 ) cos ( x y 2 ) , \cos x +\cos y=2\cos (\frac{x+y}{2})\cos(\frac{x-y}{2}), we can obtain sin n θ + sin ( n 2 ) θ = 2 sin ( n 1 ) θ 2 cos θ \sin {n\theta} +\sin {(n-2)\theta}=2\sin \frac{(n-1)\theta}{2}\cos{\theta} and cos n θ + cos ( n 2 ) θ = 2 cos ( n 1 ) θ 2 cos θ , \cos {n\theta} +\cos {(n-2)\theta}=2\cos \frac{(n-1)\theta}{2}\cos{\theta}, respectively. From these two equations it is easy to get the recurrence : x n = 2 ( cos θ ) x n 1 x n 2 . x_n=2(\cos \theta) x_{n-1}-x_{n-2}. By making n = 3 n=3 into the recurrence and using the initial values given in the problem, we obtain the equation 12 = 2 ( cos θ ) ( 3 ) 15. -12=2(\cos\theta)(3)-15. So cos θ = 1 2 , \cos\theta=\frac{1}{2}, and, therefore, the recurrence becomes x n = x n 1 x n 2 . x_n=x_{n-1}-x_{n-2}.

Now, the rest is very easy: x 4 = x 3 x 2 = 12 3 = 15 x_4=x_3-x_2=-12-3=-15 x 5 = x 4 x 3 = 15 ( 12 ) = 3 x_5=x_4-x_3=-15-(-12)=-3 x 6 = x 5 x 4 = 3 ( 15 ) = 12 x_6=x_5-x_4=-3-(-15)=12 x 7 = x 6 x 5 = 12 ( 3 ) = 15 x_7=x_6-x_5=12-(-3)=15 So the answer is 15 . \boxed{15}.

Samarth Agarwal
Dec 28, 2015

Adding x 1 x_1 and x 3 x_3 we get, 2 a s i n ( 2 θ ) × c o s ( θ ) + 2 b c o s ( 2 θ ) × c o s ( θ ) 2asin(2\theta)\times cos(\theta) + 2bcos(2\theta)\times cos(\theta) =3.

\implies 2 c o s ( θ ) [ x 2 ] 2cos(\theta) [x_2] =3.

\implies 2 c o s ( θ ) = 1 2cos(\theta)=1

θ \theta = 2 n π ± π 3 2n\pi \pm \frac {\pi}{3} {n belongs to integers}

7 θ 7\theta = 14 n π ± 7 π 3 14n\pi \pm \frac{7\pi}{3}

7 θ 7\theta = 2 π ( 7 n ± 1 ) ± π 3 2\pi (7n \pm 1) \pm \frac{\pi}{3}

Since sin and cos are periodic about 2 π 2\pi , 7 θ = θ 7\theta=\theta

t h e r e f o r e therefore x 7 = x 1 = 15 x_7 =x_1 =15 .

Nice, Samarth! I think you should also consider other solutions of the equation 2 cos θ = 1 2\cos\theta=1 to guarantee that the values of x 7 x_7 is unique.

Arturo Presa - 5 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

Sir, I have Edited the solution, please check the solution... :)

Samarth Agarwal - 5 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

In my opinion, your solution is perfect now!

Arturo Presa - 5 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

@Arturo Presa Thanks sir....

Samarth Agarwal - 5 years, 5 months ago

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...