Integrating Various Functions

Calculus Level 4

0 e x sin 2 x x d x = ? \large \int_0^\infty \dfrac{e^{-x} \sin^2 x} x \, dx = \, ?

ln 5 \ln5 ln 5 4 \frac{\ln 5}4 ln 5 2 \frac{\ln 5}2 2 ln 5 2\ln5

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2 solutions

Let the integral be I I . Then we have:

I = 0 e x sin 2 x x d x = 0 e x ( 1 cos 2 x ) 2 x d x By Maclaurin series: = 0 e x 2 x ( 1 n = 0 ( 1 ) n ( 2 x ) 2 n ( 2 n ) ! ) d x = 0 e x 2 x ( n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 ( 2 x ) 2 n ( 2 n ) ! ) d x = 0 n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 ( 2 x ) 2 n 1 e x ( 2 n ) ! d x = n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 0 ( 2 x ) 2 n 1 e x d x ( 2 n ) ! = n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 2 2 n 1 Γ ( 2 n ) ( 2 n ) ! = n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 2 2 n 1 ( 2 n 1 ) ! ( 2 n ) ! = n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 2 2 n 1 2 n = 1 4 n = 1 ( 1 ) n + 1 4 n n = ln ( 1 + 4 ) 4 = ln 5 4 \begin{aligned} I & = \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}\sin^2 x}{x} \space dx \\ & = \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}(1 - \color{#3D99F6}{\cos 2x})}{2x} \space dx \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{By Maclaurin series:}} \\ & = \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}}{2x} \left( 1 - \color{#3D99F6}{\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n(2x)^{2n}}{(2n)!}}\right) \space dx \\ & = \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}}{2x} \left(\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}(2x)^{2n}}{(2n)!} \right) \space dx \\ & = \int_0^\infty \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}(2x)^{2n-1}e^{-x}}{(2n)!} \space dx \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}\int_0^\infty (2x)^{2n-1}e^{-x} \space dx }{(2n)!} \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1} 2^{2n-1} \Gamma (2n)}{(2n)!} \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1} 2^{2n-1} (2n-1)!}{(2n)!} \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1} 2^{2n-1}}{2n} \\ & = \frac{1}{4} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1} 4^n}{n} \\ & = \frac{\ln (1+4)}{4} = \boxed{\dfrac{\ln 5}{4}} \end{aligned}

Alternatively, we can also use differentiation under integration by considering the function F ( t ) = 0 e t x sin x x d x \large F(t) = \int_0^\infty \dfrac{e^{-tx} \sin x} x \, dx

Harsh Shrivastava - 5 years, 3 months ago

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That's unusual. You would get F ( t ) = 2 t ( t 2 + 2 2 ) F'(t) =\dfrac2{t(t^2+2^2)} . How are you suppose to find its antiderivative then? Keep in mind that F ( t ) F'(t) is undefined when t = 0 t= 0 .

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Typo i meant sinx.

Harsh Shrivastava - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava Well i have not tried my method but think that it can work.

Harsh Shrivastava - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava Do give it a try. We want to find the value of F ( 1 ) F(1) right? So, we need to find F ( t ) F(t) first, which is an antiderivative of F ( t ) F'(t) . Try integrating the function F ( t ) = 2 t ( t 2 + 2 2 ) F'(t) = \dfrac2{t(t^2+2^2)} from the range of 0 to t t and see what happens.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Oh wait. Ignore what I said. I've found a way to avoid this error. @Harsh Shrivastava you're right. Would you like to post the solution?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Bit (buzy+dead) at the moment.

You may post.

Harsh Shrivastava - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava Slack is still waiting for you.....

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 3 months ago

What are those examples of Maclaurin series. Can you spare me?

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 3 months ago

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maclaurin series

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Thanks Sir!

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 3 months ago

now we know that :- So

In line 2, its Differentiating and NOT d i f f f e r e n t i a t i n g diffferentiating

Hrithik Thakur - 1 year, 8 months ago

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Go fff**k yourself.

Arghyadeep Chatterjee - 1 year, 8 months ago

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I am only kidding....hope you did not mind

Arghyadeep Chatterjee - 1 year, 8 months ago

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