Integrating simple limits

Calculus Level 3

Solve the integral

1 1 lim n 1 x 2 n d x \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1} \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \left| \sqrt[\Large n]{1-x^2} \right| ~\mathrm{d}x


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Trevor Arashiro
Jan 6, 2015

n = 1 ^{\infty} \sqrt{n}=1 assuming n , 0 n\neq \infty,0

So we have a straight line with a single "hole" at (0,0)

This is like having a rectangle of height 1 and width of 2. So the area of this rectangle is 2.


The main reason why I posted this is because I'd love to see a solution that actually does this by proper integration because wolfram "couldn't interpret my input" because it's too complex.

lim n ( x n + y n ) = 1 \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} (x^{n} + y^{n}) = 1 is one way to "square a circle". :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Haha, nice little "punn" (I guess you could call it that)

I remember reading up on that topic a while ago and how it was proven to be impossible just over a century ago.

Do you know how to "properly" integrate this function? Or is the integral just simply 1?

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Ooops.... make that lim n ( x 2 n + y 2 n ) = 1 \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} (x^{2n} + y^{2n}) = 1 .

Anyway, for the integral I would let x = sin ( θ ) d x = cos ( θ ) d θ x = \sin(\theta) \Longrightarrow dx = \cos(\theta) d\theta . Then we would have

lim n cos ( 1 + 2 n ) ( θ ) d θ = cos ( θ ) d θ = sin ( θ ) = x \displaystyle\int \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \cos^{(1 + \frac{2}{n})}(\theta) d\theta = \int \cos(\theta) d\theta = \sin(\theta) = x

evaluated from 1 -1 to 1 1 , yielding the answer of 2 2 .

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Brian Charlesworth Oops, I made an error as well. I put 1 instead of x x . 1 can't possibly be the integral of a function since it's a constant XD .

This is going on my list of "Dumbest things I've said" hanging on my bedroom wall just below "Does the Pythagorean Theorem work for all right triangles?

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Trevor Arashiro Haha. Well, 1 1 can be the solution of a definite integral. And as for the Pythagorean Theorem question, what you probably had in mind was whether or not the Theorem worked for spherical right triangles. The 2-D version is actually a special case of the 3-D version

cos ( c R ) = cos ( a R ) cos ( b R ) \cos(\frac{c}{R}) = \cos(\frac{a}{R})\cos(\frac{b}{R}) ,

where the 2-D version is obtained by letting R R go to \infty , (and messing around with some handy dandy Taylor series).

No question is "dumb" when looked at from the right angle. :) (And no, I can't resist a good pun once it presents itself.)

P.S.. In anticipation, yes, in the case of hyperbolic geometry we would have the corresponding formula cosh ( c ) = cosh ( a ) cosh ( b ) \cosh(c) = \cosh(a)\cosh(b) .

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Brian Charlesworth Yes, I was thinking of triangles that existed in hyperbolic geometry as well as in higher dimensions.

At the time, I had no idea that spherical geometry even existed.

......guess I wasn't that "well rounded" back then.... Now look what you started :P

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Trevor Arashiro Arghhh... Sorry, but yeah, there's something complementary about math and puns, and that's not hyperbole. O.k., I'll stop now before the punning reaches a critical point. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

Here's a visual:

Imgur Imgur

I the image doesn't work, here's the link .

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Neat gif!

btw, how'd you find this?

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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I made it.

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Daniel Liu WOW! How did you make this? Did u use geogebra? Because I've been looking for a simple way to do this as im not too well oriented with the more complex applications such as Adobe.

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Trevor Arashiro I took a bunch of screenshots of the graphs I made on desmos.com. Then, I searched up "how to create an animated GIF", and then clicked on the first link (imgflip.com I think). Then I uploaded all the images, set the speed to what I wanted it to be, and there you have it.

I tried to make it display by downloading and reuploading it on imgur, but even that doesn't work for some reason.

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 5 months ago

Ya forgot yer d x dx there ;p

Jake Lai - 6 years, 5 months ago

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-.-

But you're right 😂

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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