Integration! Can you do this?

Calculus Level 5

I ( a ) = 0 1 tan 1 a x x 1 x 2 d x \large I(a)=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} \frac{\tan^{-1}ax}{x\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} \, dx

If I ( 3 ) = π p ln ( q + r ) + s I(3)=\frac{π}{p}\ln(q+\sqrt{r})+s for integers p , q , r , s p,q,r,s , calculate p + q + r + s p+q+r+s .


The answer is 15.

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1 solution

Pranjal Jain
Nov 28, 2014

I ( a ) = 0 1 t a n 1 a x x 1 x 2 d x I(a)=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} \frac{tan^{-1}ax}{x\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} dx

By using Leibniz's formula,

I ( a ) = 0 1 a t a n 1 a x x 1 x 2 d x I'(a)=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} \frac{\partial}{\partial a} \frac{tan^{-1}ax}{x\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} dx = 0 1 x 1 + a 2 x 2 × 1 x 1 x 2 d x =\displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} \frac{x}{1+a^{2}x^{2}}×\frac{1}{x\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} dx

Substituting x = 1 t x=\frac{1}{t}

I ( a ) = 1 t ( a 2 + t 2 ) t 2 1 d t I'(a)=\displaystyle\int_{1}^{∞} \frac{t}{(a^{2}+t^{2})\sqrt{t^{2}-1}} dt

Substituting t 2 1 = p 2 t^{2}-1=p^{2}

I ( a ) = 0 p ( a 2 + p 2 + 1 ) p d p I'(a)=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{∞} \frac{p}{(a^{2}+p^{2}+1)|p|} dp

= 1 1 + a 2 [ t a n 1 x 1 + a 2 ] 0 =\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a^{2}}} \bigg [ tan^{-1} \frac{x}{\sqrt{1+a^{2}}} \bigg ]_{0}^{∞}

d I d a = π 2 1 + a 2 \Rightarrow\frac{dI}{da}=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{1+a^{2}}}

I = π 2 1 + a 2 d a \Rightarrow I=\displaystyle\int \frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{1+a^{2}}} da = π 2 l n ( a + a 2 + 1 ) + c =\frac{\pi}{2} ln (a+\sqrt{a^{2}+1})+c

By substituting a=0 in original equation, one may get c=0.

Hence, I ( a ) = π 2 l n ( a + a 2 + 1 ) I(a)=\frac{\pi}{2} ln (a+\sqrt{a^{2}+1})

I ( 3 ) = π 2 l n ( 3 + 10 ) I(3)=\frac{\pi}{2} ln (3+\sqrt{10})

p = 2 , q = 3 , r = 10 , s = 0 p=2,\ q=3,\ r=10,\ s=0

So p + q + r + s = 15 p+q+r+s=\boxed{15}

That s tricked me once!!

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 4 months ago

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@Parth Lohomi How come you are in 11th class and your age is 13

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

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Actually I have jumped two classes. :}

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 2 months ago

I have just entered 11th.

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 2 months ago

Same as I did.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Is it possible to solve it had I asked I = 0 1 t a n 1 3 x x 1 x 2 I=\displaystyle\int_0^1 \frac{tan^{-1}3x}{x\sqrt{1-x^2}} .

There is 0.999..... probability that no one can think that (s)he has to find integral with a=3 and then substitute it back!

So any other possible idea in that case?

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 6 months ago

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You are wrong, even if you have directly aksed the question, then too many people woukd have used this trick to solve this question.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 6 months ago

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@Ronak Agarwal Oh! Ok! I will ask such question again in that way!

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 6 months ago

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