Interesting Average

Geometry Level 3

Find the average of the numbers

( 2 sin 2 , 4 sin 4 , 6 sin 6 , , 180 sin 18 0 ) (2\sin2^\circ, 4\sin4^\circ, 6\sin6^\circ, \dots, 180\sin180^\circ)


This problem is from USAMO 1996.

tan 4 5 \tan45^\circ None Of These cot 1 \cot1^\circ sin 8 9 \sin89^\circ

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1 solution

Aditya Raut
Jun 17, 2014

First of all, sorry for using s i n 1 sin1 in stead of s i n 1 sin1^{\circ} i.e. in m solution, i won't be giving that degree symbol everywhere ...

By considering the terms of s i n 90 sin 90 and s i n 180 sin 180 separately, 90 s i n 90 + 180 s i n 180 = 90 90 sin 90 +180 sin 180 = 90

About the remaining, the first fact we use here is s i n θ = s i n ( 18 0 θ ) sin \theta = sin(180^{\circ}-\theta) ... and here , they will sum to give co-efficient 180 for all the sine terms.

Thus given expression transforms to

= 180 s i n 2 + 180 s i n 4 + . . . + 180 s i n 86 + 180 s i n 88 + 90 =180 sin 2 + 180 sin 4 + ... +180 sin 86 + 180 sin 88 + 90

= 180 k = 1 44 s i n ( 2 k ) + 90 =180 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^ {44} sin (2k^{\circ}) + 90

The average of this is expression divided by 90 (there are 90 terms).

= 2 k = 1 44 s i n ( 2 k ) + 1 = 2 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^ {44} sin (2k^{\circ}) + 1

Here as our angles will be in an arithmetic progression, we will use this identity

Thus a v e r a g e = 2 s i n ( 44 × 2 2 ) s i n 1 × s i n ( 2 + 43 × 2 2 ) + 1 average = 2 \dfrac{sin (\frac{44\times 2}{2})}{sin1} \times sin (2 + \frac{43\times 2}{2}) +1

= 2 s i n 44 s i n 1 s i n 45 + 1 = 2 \dfrac{sin44}{sin1} sin 45 + 1

= 2 s i n ( 45 1 ) + s i n 1 s i n 1 = \dfrac{\sqrt{2}sin (45-1) +sin1} {sin1}

= 2 ( c o s 1 2 s i n 1 2 ) + s i n 1 s i n 1 = c o s 1 s i n 1 + s i n 1 s i n 1 = \dfrac{\sqrt{2}( \frac{cos1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{sin1}{\sqrt{2}} ) +sin 1}{sin1} = \dfrac{cos1 -sin1 +sin 1}{sin1}

= c o s 1 s i n 1 = c o t 1 = \dfrac{cos1}{sin1} = \boxed{\Huge{cot 1^{\circ}}}

@Ameya Salankar is this ok ?

Aditya Raut - 6 years, 12 months ago

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It's perfect. And clear. Great job! :D

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 12 months ago

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All the best for JOMO this time , the problem you said shouldn't be asked in JOMO (the trigonometry one of JOMO 5) was actually proposed by me :P

@Finn Hulse

Aditya Raut - 6 years, 12 months ago

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@Aditya Raut Ah darn it. It was actually a pretty slick problem, I'm just not super comfortable with trig identities. I hope to do better at JOMO 6. :D

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 12 months ago

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