Find the average of the numbers
This problem is from USAMO 1996.
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First of all, sorry for using s i n 1 in stead of s i n 1 ∘ i.e. in m solution, i won't be giving that degree symbol everywhere ...
By considering the terms of s i n 9 0 and s i n 1 8 0 separately, 9 0 s i n 9 0 + 1 8 0 s i n 1 8 0 = 9 0
About the remaining, the first fact we use here is s i n θ = s i n ( 1 8 0 ∘ − θ ) ... and here , they will sum to give co-efficient 180 for all the sine terms.
Thus given expression transforms to
= 1 8 0 s i n 2 + 1 8 0 s i n 4 + . . . + 1 8 0 s i n 8 6 + 1 8 0 s i n 8 8 + 9 0
= 1 8 0 k = 1 ∑ 4 4 s i n ( 2 k ∘ ) + 9 0
The average of this is expression divided by 90 (there are 90 terms).
= 2 k = 1 ∑ 4 4 s i n ( 2 k ∘ ) + 1
Here as our angles will be in an arithmetic progression, we will use this identity
Thus a v e r a g e = 2 s i n 1 s i n ( 2 4 4 × 2 ) × s i n ( 2 + 2 4 3 × 2 ) + 1
= 2 s i n 1 s i n 4 4 s i n 4 5 + 1
= s i n 1 2 s i n ( 4 5 − 1 ) + s i n 1
= s i n 1 2 ( 2 c o s 1 − 2 s i n 1 ) + s i n 1 = s i n 1 c o s 1 − s i n 1 + s i n 1
= s i n 1 c o s 1 = c o t 1 ∘