⎩ ⎨ ⎧ x + y + z x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 = 6
If x , y and z are real numbers that satisfy the equation above, and that they lie in the range of [ b a , d c ] for positive integers a , b , c and d such that g cd ( a , b ) = g cd ( c , d ) = 1 , find the value of a + b + c + d .
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Cool . Nice solution
You should still verify that equality could be achieved. You have found a necessary bound, but (especially with inequalities) is it sufficient?
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is this solution not complete ?? i think this one is good.. and no other checks are to be applied ..
if not ? then please tell me sir
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It is not complete. There is currently no justification for "If z = 1 , then there exists corresponding real values of x , y that will satisfy the conditions given in the question."
As explained, he found a necessary condition, but he hasn't demonstrated that it is a necessary condition.
For example, if we were asked to "minimize f ( z ) = z 2 − 2 z + 1 + z 2 − 4 z + 4 , we cannot say that "Since f ( z ) = ( z − 1 ) 2 + ( z − 2 ) 2 ≥ 0 + 0 , hence the minimum value of f ( z ) is 0. ". All that we have found is a lower bound (necessary condition for a minimum), and we have not demonstrated that it is the greatest lower bound (sufficient condition for a minimum).
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@Calvin Lin – Ok, thanks. But I don't know how to prove that, I'm still new at some inequalities.
@Calvin Lin – okay ... i got it ... so how we can make the solution complete ?
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@Aman Rajput – Prove that the equations x + y = 4 − z and x 2 + y 2 = 6 − z 2 has real roots when z is in the range as stated.
This follows from setting up the quadratic polynomial and checking that the discriminant is non-negative.
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@Calvin Lin – Well, the discriminant of the polynomial with roots x and y is ( x − y ) 2 , and after a little manipulation we get ( x − y ) 2 = − 3 z 2 + 8 z − 4 , and this must be greater than or equal to zero, hence:
− 3 z 2 + 8 z − 4 ≥ 0 ( z − 2 ) ( 3 z − 2 ) ≤ 0 3 2 ≤ z ≤ 2
So, x and y will be real when z is in that range.
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@Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar – Right! This demonstrates that we do indeed have a sufficient condition.
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@Calvin Lin – Oh, I see, I learned something new today, thanks.
@Calvin Lin – That was wonderful :) :)
Discriminant of which polynomial?
At the point where z attains its maximum, we must have x = y , by symmetry; likewise for the minimum of z . Solving 2 x + z = 4 and 2 x 2 + z 2 = 6 leads to the equation 3 z 2 − 8 z + 4 = 0 , with solutions z m a x = 2 = 1 2 and z m i n = 3 2 , so a + b + c + d = 8
I'm always iffy with "where something attains its maximum, something else must be equal", even if symmetry is present. Slightly more justification needs to be provided.
See Inequalities with strange equality conditions for examples.
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I always like to visualize things, if I can. The solution set, being the intersection of a sphere and a plane, is a non-horizontal circle with a unique highest point ( x , y , z m a x ) . Since the solution set is symmetric in x and y , we must have ( x , y , z m a x ) = ( y , x , z m a x ) , so x = y .
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Perfect! That's a great explanation.
It certainly gets tricky when the intersection isn't a nice convex set, which is how those inequalities result in "off" points. E.g. if the intersection was of the form ∣ ∣ x − y ∣ − 1 ∣ , then the minimum is not when x = y .
substituting x in 2nd equation => (4-(y+z)) ^2+y^2+z^2=6
y^2+y(z-4)+z^2-4z+5=0 solving quadratic for y=> y= { (4-z) +/ - sqrt( -3z^2+8z-4) } /2; which gives 3z^2-8z+4 should be >=0; => z lies between {2/3, 2 } for these values y lies in {2/3, 1 } same goes for x; so final range {2/3, 2/1} => a+b+c+d=8;
Since the equations are symmetric in x , y , z , it doesn't quite make sense to me that your ranges are different.
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By Cauchy-Schwarz inequality we know that:
2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) ≥ ( x + y ) 2
Also, x + y = 4 − z and x 2 + y 2 = 6 − z 2 , hence:
2 ( 6 − z 2 ) ≥ ( 4 − z ) 2
1 2 − 2 z 2 ≥ 1 6 − 8 z + z 2
0 ≥ 3 z 2 − 8 z + 4
0 ≥ ( z − 2 ) ( 3 z − 2 )
Then, x , y or z must lie in the range [ 3 2 , 2 ] , on comparing we get a = 2 , b = 3 , c = 2 , d = 1 , thus the answer is 2 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 8 .
To prove that equality can be achieved:
The discriminant of the polynomial with roots x and y is ( x − y ) 2 , and after a little manipulation we get ( x − y ) 2 = − 3 z 2 + 8 z − 4 , and this must be greater than or equal to zero, hence:
− 3 z 2 + 8 z − 4 ≥ 0 ( z − 2 ) ( 3 z − 2 ) ≤ 0 3 2 ≤ z ≤ 2
So, x and y will be real when z is in that range.