Consider the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = x 3 + y 3 + z 3 Where x , y , z are integers .
How many solutions does this equation have?
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How did you think of such a substituition?
yes how did u think of that bro.........did u do that by yourself
As a curiosity, there are other substitutions of the form x = − y = ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) z . Another such substitution (the simplest such besides the one you gave, actually) is x = ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) ( 8 m 2 + 8 m + 3 ) , y = − ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) ( 8 m 2 + 8 m + 3 ) , z = 8 m 2 + 8 m + 3 .
@Ariel Garcia Moran beautiful :) ..........
First, let z = -x so that we are left with only one variable on RHS.
Therefore, x 2 + y 2 + x 2 = y 3
2 x 2 + y 2 = y 3
2 x 2 = y 2 ( y − 1 )
x 2 = y 2 ( 2 y − 1 )
2 y − 1 has to be t 2
Hence, y = 2 t 2 + 1 = y for all integers t.
So, there are infinitely many solutions for this equation.
You can also substitute x or y instead of z to prove it.
I think you mean "for all integers t" instead of reals?
Obviously possess (x, y) of infinitely many solutions.
Since particular cases possess infinitely many solutions, the question in general is known to possess infinitely many solutions.
So this is another question in form of solution. Actually, my solution isn't a good one. Where did I go wrong?
By rearranging we get, x 2 ( x − 1 ) + y 2 ( y − 1 ) + z 2 ( z − 1 ) = 0 Let's consider f ( x ) = x 2 ( x − 1 ) = 0
Range of f ( x ) is ( − ∞ , + ∞ ) So, for any x we have f ( x ) such that there is always a y for which f ( y ) = − f ( x ) or f ( x ) + f ( y ) = 0 . (Please trace the graph of f ( x ) to have a clearer understanding of what I'm trying to say.) Let's say, we have f ( y ) + f ( x ) = t such that x , y are integers. Then t must also be an integer. Let's suppose f ( z ) = − t such that z = q p such that p , q are co-primes. Then, f ( z ) can never be an integer, but this is contrary to the fact that − t is an integer. Hence, z also must be an integer that satisfies f ( z ) = − t . Then, there is always an integer z such that f ( z ) = − t . Then, adding the above two equations, we have f ( x ) + f ( y ) + f ( z ) = 0 . Hence, there are infinite solutions!
Nice idea. Unfortunately, f ( x ) is not an odd function.
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Thanks for informing me. I've edited the solution.
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Why can we make the assumption that y = − x ?
Even then, note that ( x , − x , 0 ) and ( x , − x , 1 ) are not solutions to the equation, except when 0 = 2 x 2 .
How are there infinitely many solutions?
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@Calvin Lin – There was a problem in the way I wrote my last solution. I traced the graph of f(x) to come to the conclusion, but couldn't write in words satisfactorily. Hope this one is correct.
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@Mayank Verma – I agree that such a y and z will exist, by "tracing the graph". However, all that we get are they are real numbers. How do you know that they must be integers?
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@Calvin Lin – I think this solution might eliminate all the problems encountered in previous solutions.
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Let m be a non-negative integer. Set x = m ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) y = − m ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) z = 2 m 2 + 1 Then x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = m 2 ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 + m 2 ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 + ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 = 2 m 2 ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 + ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 = ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 2 = ( 2 m 2 + 1 ) 3 = z 3 = x 3 + y 3 + z 3 .
Where the last equality follows from x = − y implying x 3 = − y 3 . Since m can take any non-negative integer value, we may construct infinitely many triples ( x , y , z )