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Geometry Level 5

Suppose a cyclic quadrilateral A B C D ABCD is such that

(i) A B = A D = 1 AB = AD = 1 ,

(ii) C D = cos ( A B C ) CD = \cos(\angle ABC) and

(iii) cos ( B A D ) = 1 3 . \cos(\angle BAD) = -\dfrac{1}{3}.

Let R R be the radius of the circle in which A B C D ABCD is inscribed. Find 1000 R \lfloor 1000*R \rfloor .


The answer is 866.

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5 solutions

Dieuler Oliveira
Jan 8, 2015

Let B A D = α \angle BAD=\alpha . Triangle ABD is isosceles, so A D B = A B D = 9 0 º α 2 \angle ADB=\angle ABD=90^{º}-\frac{\alpha}{2} and sin ( 9 0 º α 2 ) = cos ( α 2 ) \sin\left(90^{º}-\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)=\cos\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right) .

Now we calculate cos ( α 2 ) = 1 + cos α 2 \cos\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)=\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos\alpha}{2}} \Rightarrow cos ( α 2 ) = 3 3 \cos\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}

By using Law of sines:

1 cos α 2 = 2 R R = 3 2 \displaystyle \frac{1}{\cos{\frac{\alpha}{2}}}=2R \Rightarrow R=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

1000 R = 866 \therefore \lfloor 1000R \rfloor = \boxed{866} .

Actually the information given in ( i i ) (ii) is unnecessary.

Dieuler Oliveira - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Yes, this could have been a more interesting question if I had asked for either the length of C D CD or the area of A B C D ABCD instead. A misfire on my part. :( Anyway, thanks for posting your solution. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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You could always post that version of the question as a follow up :)

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 5 months ago

Same way as I did it.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 5 months ago

First, using the Cosine rule we have that

( B D ) 2 = ( A B ) 2 + ( A D ) 2 2 ( A B ) ( A D ) cos ( B A D ) = (BD)^{2} = (AB)^{2} + (AD)^{2} - 2*(AB)*(AD)*\cos(\angle BAD) =

2 2 ( 1 3 ) = 8 3 B D = 8 3 2 - 2*(-\frac{1}{3}) = \frac{8}{3} \Longrightarrow BD = \sqrt{\frac{8}{3}} .

Now let C D = cos ( A B C ) = x CD = \cos(\angle ABC) = x . Since A B C D ABCD is cyclic we have that

cos ( A D C ) = cos ( A B C ) = x \cos(\angle ADC) = -\cos(\angle ABC) = -x and

cos ( B C D ) = cos ( B A D ) = 1 3 \cos(\angle BCD) = -\cos(\angle BAD) = \frac{1}{3} .

Next, since Δ A B C \Delta ABC and Δ A D C \Delta ADC have chord A C AC in common, we can use the Cosine rule to set up the following equation:

1 2 + x 2 2 ( 1 ) ( x ) cos ( A D C ) = 1 2 + ( B C ) 2 2 ( 1 ) ( B C ) cos ( A B C ) 1^{2} + x^{2} - 2(1)(x)\cos(\angle ADC) = 1^{2} + (BC)^{2} - 2(1)(BC)\cos(\angle ABC)

1 + x 2 2 x ( x ) = 1 + ( B C ) 2 2 ( B C ) ( x ) \Longrightarrow 1 + x^{2} - 2x*(-x) = 1 + (BC)^{2} - 2(BC)(x)

( B C ) 2 2 x ( B C ) 3 x 2 = 0 ( B C 3 x ) ( B C + x ) = 0. \Longrightarrow (BC)^{2} - 2x*(BC) - 3x^{2} = 0 \Longrightarrow (BC - 3x)(BC + x) = 0. .

Now since B C > 0 BC \gt 0 we have that B C = 3 x BC = 3x . But since the sides D C DC and B C BC are in the ratio x : 3 x 1 : 3 x : 3x \Longrightarrow 1 : 3 and cos ( B C D ) = 1 3 \cos(\angle BCD) = \frac{1}{3} we can conclude that Δ B C D \Delta BCD is a right triangle with B D C = 9 0 \angle BDC = 90^{\circ} . This implies that B C BC is a diameter of the circle in which A B C D ABCD is inscribed.

Using Pythagoras, we then have that

( B C ) 2 = ( C D ) 2 + ( B D ) 2 9 x 2 = x 2 + 8 3 x 2 = 1 3 (BC)^{2} = (CD)^{2} + (BD)^{2} \Longrightarrow 9x^{2} = x^{2} + \frac{8}{3} \Longrightarrow x^{2} = \frac{1}{3} ,

and since x > 0 x \gt 0 we have that B C = 3 x = 3 BC = 3x = \sqrt{3} .

Thus R = B C 2 = 3 2 = 0.8660254.... R = \frac{BC}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = 0.8660254.... , and so 1000 R = 866 \lfloor 1000*R \rfloor = \boxed{866} .

You also can use coordinate geometry to solve it and the best thing about that is that point C C is unnecessary to find the answer.

Julian Poon - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Uneccasarily lenghty solution , we don't even need line (ii) for determining the radius.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Yes, I see that now. This started out as a problem that involved proving that side B C BC was a diameter of the circle, but to post this as a question I had to have a numerical answer, so I asked for the radius. This was a bad choice, since the radius can be found easily using just two pieces of the information provided. I should have asked for either the length of side C D CD or the area of the quadrilateral to make it a more interesting question requiring all three pieces of information. Oh well ..... :(

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

I also did it via same method sir !

Soutrik Bandyopadhyay - 6 years, 5 months ago

Haha. Oh, right. I see that now. I should have asked for the area of A B C D ABCD ; that would have made the question a bit more interesting. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Area would be even more easier.

Krishna Sharma - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Krishna Sharma easier*, not more easier.

Hobart Pao - 6 years, 5 months ago

@Krishna Sharma I suppose. We could just break the quadrilateral up into three triangles that share the midpoint of B C BC , (i.e., the center of the circle), as a common vertex. After finding the side lengths, and establishing that B C BC is indeed a diameter, we could then just apply Heron's formula three times and add the resulting values.

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Brian Charlesworth There is a formula for area of cyclic quadrilateral

Δ = ( s a ) ( s b ) ( s c ) ( s d ) \Delta = \sqrt{(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)}

Where s = a + b + c + d 2 s = \dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2}

Krishna Sharma - 6 years, 5 months ago

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@Krishna Sharma I guess I should have known that, but I didn't, so thanks for letting me know. I see that when d 0 d \rightarrow 0 we end up with Heron's formula, as would be expected.

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

Let the circumcenter be O O and B A D = α \angle BAD = \alpha . Using Cosine Rule, we have:

B D 2 = 1 + 1 2 ( 1 3 ) = 8 3 B D = 2 2 3 \quad BD^2 = 1+1-2\left( -\frac {1}{3} \right) = \frac {8}{3} \quad \Rightarrow BD = 2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{3} }

Since A B D \triangle ABD is an isosceles triangle, O O must be on the perpendicular from A A to B D BD (see figure below). Let the foot of the perpendicular be M M . Then we note that:

O B 2 = O M 2 + B M 2 R 2 = ( R A M ) 2 + B M 2 \quad OB^2 = OM^2+BM^2\quad \Rightarrow R^2 = (R-AM)^2 +BM^2

We note that:

B M = 1 2 B D = 2 3 \quad BM = \frac {1}{2} BD = \sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}\space

A M 2 = A B 2 B D 2 = 1 2 3 = 1 3 A M = 1 3 \quad AM^2 = AB^2 - BD^2 = 1 - \frac{2}{3} = \frac {1}{3} \quad \Rightarrow AM = \frac {1}{\sqrt{3}}

R 2 = ( R A M ) 2 + B M 2 = ( R 1 3 ) 2 + 2 3 \quad \Rightarrow R^2 = (R-AM)^2 +BM^2 = (R-\frac {1}{\sqrt{3}})^2 +\frac {2}{3}

R 2 = R 2 2 3 R + 1 3 + 2 3 R = 3 2 \quad \Rightarrow R^2 = R^2-\frac {2}{\sqrt{3}}R + \frac{1}{3} +\frac {2}{3}\quad \Rightarrow R = \frac {\sqrt{3}}{2}

1000 R = 866 \quad \Rightarrow \lfloor 1000*R \rfloor = \boxed{866}

Deepanshu Gupta
Jan 8, 2015

If Someone Knows The Formula for Circum-Radius of an Triangle Then It would be more Easy . However it is Not Pure Mathematical , (Because We Use Just Known Formula) But Brian Sir's Solution is Pure Mathematical . But for Sake of Variety :

Using Cosine Rule , in Triangle ABD ; ( B D ) 2 = ( A B ) 2 + ( A D ) 2 2 × ( A B ) × ( A D ) × cos ( B A D ) B D = 2 2 3 \displaystyle{(BD)^{ 2 }=(AB)^{ 2 }+(AD)^{ 2 }-2\times (AB)\times (AD)\times \cos (\angle BAD)\\ BD=2\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \quad } . Using Standard formulas : R = a b d 4 Δ Δ = S ( S a ) ( S b ) ( S d ) a = 2 2 3 , b = 1 , d = 1 , S = 1 + 2 3 S a = 1 2 3 , S b = 2 3 , S d = 2 3 Δ = ( 1 + 2 3 ) ( 1 2 3 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 2 3 ) = 2 3 R = 3 2 A n s . \displaystyle{R=\cfrac { abd }{ 4\Delta } \\ \Delta =\sqrt { S(S-a)(S-b)(S-d) } \\ a=2\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \quad ,\quad b=1\quad ,\quad d=1\quad ,\quad S=1+\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \\ S-a=1-\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \quad ,\quad S-b=\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \quad ,\quad S-d=\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } \\ \therefore \quad \Delta =\sqrt { (1+\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } )(1-\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } )(\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } )(\sqrt { \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } } ) } =\cfrac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 3 } \\ \therefore \quad \boxed { R=\cfrac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } } Ans.} .

Uneccasarily lengthy solution, no need to apply formula for circumradius.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Well It Takes Maximum to maximum 1.5 Minute , So I don't Think That it is Lengthy , But I agree That Dieuler Oliveira Solution is Best :)

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 5 months ago
Lu Chee Ket
Jan 23, 2015

Let B D be x and angle BAD be q, apply cosine rule,

Cos q = (1^2 + 1^2 - x^2)/ [2 (1)(1)] = -1/ 3 {The Cosine angle of a Tetrahedron.}

=> x^2 = 8/ 3.

Cos (2 Pi - 2 q) = (R^2 + R^2 - x^2)/ (2 R^2) = 1 - x^2/ (2 R^2)

R^2 = (x^2/ 2)/ (1 - Cos 2 q) = [(8/ 3)/ 2]/ [1 - (-7/ 9)] = 3/ 4

As Cos 2 q = 2 (Cos q)^2 - 1 = 2/ 9 - 9/ 9 = -7/ 9

R = Sqrt (3)/ 2 = 0.86602540378443864676372317075294

Floor (1000 R) = 866

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