A B C D is such that
Suppose a cyclic quadrilateral(i) A B = A D = 1 ,
(ii) C D = cos ( ∠ A B C ) and
(iii) cos ( ∠ B A D ) = − 3 1 .
Let R be the radius of the circle in which A B C D is inscribed. Find ⌊ 1 0 0 0 ∗ R ⌋ .
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Actually the information given in ( i i ) is unnecessary.
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Yes, this could have been a more interesting question if I had asked for either the length of C D or the area of A B C D instead. A misfire on my part. :( Anyway, thanks for posting your solution. :)
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You could always post that version of the question as a follow up :)
Same way as I did it.
First, using the Cosine rule we have that
( B D ) 2 = ( A B ) 2 + ( A D ) 2 − 2 ∗ ( A B ) ∗ ( A D ) ∗ cos ( ∠ B A D ) =
2 − 2 ∗ ( − 3 1 ) = 3 8 ⟹ B D = 3 8 .
Now let C D = cos ( ∠ A B C ) = x . Since A B C D is cyclic we have that
cos ( ∠ A D C ) = − cos ( ∠ A B C ) = − x and
cos ( ∠ B C D ) = − cos ( ∠ B A D ) = 3 1 .
Next, since Δ A B C and Δ A D C have chord A C in common, we can use the Cosine rule to set up the following equation:
1 2 + x 2 − 2 ( 1 ) ( x ) cos ( ∠ A D C ) = 1 2 + ( B C ) 2 − 2 ( 1 ) ( B C ) cos ( ∠ A B C )
⟹ 1 + x 2 − 2 x ∗ ( − x ) = 1 + ( B C ) 2 − 2 ( B C ) ( x )
⟹ ( B C ) 2 − 2 x ∗ ( B C ) − 3 x 2 = 0 ⟹ ( B C − 3 x ) ( B C + x ) = 0 . .
Now since B C > 0 we have that B C = 3 x . But since the sides D C and B C are in the ratio x : 3 x ⟹ 1 : 3 and cos ( ∠ B C D ) = 3 1 we can conclude that Δ B C D is a right triangle with ∠ B D C = 9 0 ∘ . This implies that B C is a diameter of the circle in which A B C D is inscribed.
Using Pythagoras, we then have that
( B C ) 2 = ( C D ) 2 + ( B D ) 2 ⟹ 9 x 2 = x 2 + 3 8 ⟹ x 2 = 3 1 ,
and since x > 0 we have that B C = 3 x = 3 .
Thus R = 2 B C = 2 3 = 0 . 8 6 6 0 2 5 4 . . . . , and so ⌊ 1 0 0 0 ∗ R ⌋ = 8 6 6 .
You also can use coordinate geometry to solve it and the best thing about that is that point C is unnecessary to find the answer.
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Uneccasarily lenghty solution , we don't even need line (ii) for determining the radius.
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Yes, I see that now. This started out as a problem that involved proving that side B C was a diameter of the circle, but to post this as a question I had to have a numerical answer, so I asked for the radius. This was a bad choice, since the radius can be found easily using just two pieces of the information provided. I should have asked for either the length of side C D or the area of the quadrilateral to make it a more interesting question requiring all three pieces of information. Oh well ..... :(
I also did it via same method sir !
Haha. Oh, right. I see that now. I should have asked for the area of A B C D ; that would have made the question a bit more interesting. :)
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Area would be even more easier.
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@Krishna Sharma – easier*, not more easier.
@Krishna Sharma – I suppose. We could just break the quadrilateral up into three triangles that share the midpoint of B C , (i.e., the center of the circle), as a common vertex. After finding the side lengths, and establishing that B C is indeed a diameter, we could then just apply Heron's formula three times and add the resulting values.
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@Brian Charlesworth – There is a formula for area of cyclic quadrilateral
Δ = ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) ( s − d )
Where s = 2 a + b + c + d
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@Krishna Sharma – I guess I should have known that, but I didn't, so thanks for letting me know. I see that when d → 0 we end up with Heron's formula, as would be expected.
Let the circumcenter be O and ∠ B A D = α . Using Cosine Rule, we have:
B D 2 = 1 + 1 − 2 ( − 3 1 ) = 3 8 ⇒ B D = 2 3 2
Since △ A B D is an isosceles triangle, O must be on the perpendicular from A to B D (see figure below). Let the foot of the perpendicular be M . Then we note that:
O B 2 = O M 2 + B M 2 ⇒ R 2 = ( R − A M ) 2 + B M 2
We note that:
B M = 2 1 B D = 3 2
A M 2 = A B 2 − B D 2 = 1 − 3 2 = 3 1 ⇒ A M = 3 1
⇒ R 2 = ( R − A M ) 2 + B M 2 = ( R − 3 1 ) 2 + 3 2
⇒ R 2 = R 2 − 3 2 R + 3 1 + 3 2 ⇒ R = 2 3
⇒ ⌊ 1 0 0 0 ∗ R ⌋ = 8 6 6
If Someone Knows The Formula for Circum-Radius of an Triangle Then It would be more Easy . However it is Not Pure Mathematical , (Because We Use Just Known Formula) But Brian Sir's Solution is Pure Mathematical . But for Sake of Variety :
Using Cosine Rule , in Triangle ABD ; ( B D ) 2 = ( A B ) 2 + ( A D ) 2 − 2 × ( A B ) × ( A D ) × cos ( ∠ B A D ) B D = 2 3 2 . Using Standard formulas : R = 4 Δ a b d Δ = S ( S − a ) ( S − b ) ( S − d ) a = 2 3 2 , b = 1 , d = 1 , S = 1 + 3 2 S − a = 1 − 3 2 , S − b = 3 2 , S − d = 3 2 ∴ Δ = ( 1 + 3 2 ) ( 1 − 3 2 ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 2 ) = 3 2 ∴ R = 2 3 A n s . .
Uneccasarily lengthy solution, no need to apply formula for circumradius.
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Well It Takes Maximum to maximum 1.5 Minute , So I don't Think That it is Lengthy , But I agree That Dieuler Oliveira Solution is Best :)
Let B D be x and angle BAD be q, apply cosine rule,
Cos q = (1^2 + 1^2 - x^2)/ [2 (1)(1)] = -1/ 3 {The Cosine angle of a Tetrahedron.}
=> x^2 = 8/ 3.
Cos (2 Pi - 2 q) = (R^2 + R^2 - x^2)/ (2 R^2) = 1 - x^2/ (2 R^2)
R^2 = (x^2/ 2)/ (1 - Cos 2 q) = [(8/ 3)/ 2]/ [1 - (-7/ 9)] = 3/ 4
As Cos 2 q = 2 (Cos q)^2 - 1 = 2/ 9 - 9/ 9 = -7/ 9
R = Sqrt (3)/ 2 = 0.86602540378443864676372317075294
Floor (1000 R) = 866
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Let ∠ B A D = α . Triangle ABD is isosceles, so ∠ A D B = ∠ A B D = 9 0 º − 2 α and sin ( 9 0 º − 2 α ) = cos ( 2 α ) .
Now we calculate cos ( 2 α ) = 2 1 + cos α ⇒ cos ( 2 α ) = 3 3
By using Law of sines:
cos 2 α 1 = 2 R ⇒ R = 2 3
∴ ⌊ 1 0 0 0 R ⌋ = 8 6 6 .