It's Time To Have Pi Today

Geometry Level 4

4 ( arctan ( 1 x ) + arctan ( 1 x 3 ) ) = π 4\left( \arctan\left( \dfrac { 1 }{ x } \right) + \arctan\left( \dfrac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \right) \right) =\pi

Let x x be the positive real number satisfying the equation above and x 3 x {x}^{3}-x can be expressed as

a b ( c + d ) , \dfrac { a }{ b } \left( c+\sqrt { d } \right) \; ,

where a , b , c a, b, c and d d are positive integers, with a , b a,b coprime and d d square-free.

Find the value of the expression below.

4 ( arctan ( b c ) + arctan ( a d ) ) 4\left( \arctan\left( \dfrac { b }{ c } \right) + \arctan\left( \dfrac { a }{ { d } } \right) \right)

Give your answer to 4 decimal places.


The answer is 3.1416.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

2 solutions

Michael Mendrin
Mar 14, 2016

We start with the general identity

π 4 = A r c T a n ( A B ) + A r c T a n ( B A B + A ) \dfrac { \pi }{ 4 } =ArcTan\left( \dfrac { A }{ B } \right) +ArcTan\left( \dfrac { B-A }{ B+A } \right)

so that x x must then satisfy

1 x 3 = x 1 x + 1 \dfrac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } =\dfrac { x-1 }{ x+1 }

which leads us to the solution, the Golden Ratio

x = ϕ = 1 2 ( 1 + 5 ) x=\phi =\dfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 1+\sqrt { 5 } \right)

so that

x 3 x = ϕ 3 ϕ = 1 2 ( 3 + 5 ) { x }^{ 3 }-x={ \phi }^{ 3 }-\phi =\dfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 3+\sqrt { 5 }\right)

ending up with a , b , c , d = 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 a,b,c,d=1,2,3,5

But notice that

1 5 = 3 2 3 + 2 \dfrac { 1 }{ 5 } =\dfrac { 3-2 }{ 3+2 }

From this we can immediately conclude that

A r c T a n ( 2 3 ) + A r c T a n ( 1 5 ) = π 4 ArcTan\left( \dfrac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) +ArcTan\left( \dfrac { 1 }{ 5 } \right) =\dfrac { \pi }{ 4 }

And so the answer is π = 3.1416 \pi=3.1416 in honor of Pi Day today, 3.14.16 , a date which won’t repeat for a while

Happy π \pi -Day, Mike!

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

Cheers, a little something for today.

Michael Mendrin - 5 years, 3 months ago

you know what. You have the answer in the question!

Joel Yip - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

Well, I did try to make this problem an easy one! But, how so?

Michael Mendrin - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

The whats this? 4 ( arctan ( 1 x ) + arctan ( 1 x 3 ) ) = π 4\left( \arctan\left( \dfrac { 1 }{ x } \right) + \arctan\left( \dfrac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \right) \right) =\pi

Joel Yip - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

@Joel Yip It's not true that 4 ( arctan ( p ) + arctan ( q ) ) = π 4\left( \arctan\left( p \right) + \arctan\left( q \right) \right) =\pi for all p , q p, q . This problem does invoke an interesting identity that I thought I'd like to share, explained in my solution. Maybe I should expand on that.

Michael Mendrin - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

@Michael Mendrin i mean π \pi is the answer and also in the question itself

Joel Yip - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

@Joel Yip If you mean to say that I've left hints, yes.

Michael Mendrin - 5 years, 3 months ago

Log in to reply

@Michael Mendrin that's quite funny!

Joel Yip - 5 years, 3 months ago

I did so much calculation just to find out that the answer was already given XD Nice question (+1)

Ashish Menon - 5 years ago

I am exactly one month late to celebrate it :(

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 2 months ago
Aakash Khandelwal
Mar 15, 2016

We have x 3 x x^{3} -x = 1 / 2 × ( 3 + 5 ) 1/2\times (3 +\sqrt{5})

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...