Just an observation

Geometry Level 3

8 x 3 6 x = 1 \large{8x^{3}-6x=1}

Find the root of the equation above given that x [ 0 , 1 ] x\in [0,1] . Give your answer to 2 decimal places.


The answer is 0.94.

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4 solutions

Tanishq Varshney
Apr 21, 2015

I observed that if we put x = c o s y x=cosy => y [ 0 , π 2 ] y\in [0,\frac{\pi}{2}]

2 ( 4 c o s 3 y 3 c o s y ) = 1 2(4cos^{3}y-3cosy)=1

c o s 3 y = 1 2 cos3y=\frac{1}{2}

3 y = 2 n π ± π 3 3y=2n\pi \pm \frac{\pi}{3}

y = 2 n π 3 ± π 9 y=\frac{2n\pi}{3} \pm \frac{\pi}{9}

since no value other than π 9 \frac{\pi}{9} in [ 0 , π 2 ] [0,\frac{\pi}{2}] is possible so

x = c o s ( π 9 ) x=cos(\frac{\pi}{9})

x = 0.939 x=0.939

Moderator note:

Great! For the sake of variety, can you solve it without the use of trigonometric identities?

challenge master, it doesn't matter which range the solver takes for cosine function be it like [ 2 π , 5 π 2 ] [2\pi,\frac{5\pi}{2}] , one would end up with the same answer and also i have specified to find the value of x x in the interval [ 0 , 1 ] [0,1] . Hoping that now its complete.

Tanishq Varshney - 6 years, 1 month ago
Otto Bretscher
Apr 25, 2015

For the sake of variety (and for practice), we will use the cubic formula.

Let 2 x = t 2x=t for simplicity, so that the equation becomes t 3 3 t 1 = 0 t^3-3t-1=0 . The cubic formula gives t = 1 2 + 3 2 i 3 + 1 2 3 2 i 3 = e π i / 3 3 + e π i / 3 3 t=\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i}=\sqrt[3]{e^{\pi{i}/3}}+\sqrt[3]{e^{-\pi{i}/3}} = e ( 1 + 6 k ) π i / 9 + e ( 1 + 6 k ) π i / 9 = 2 cos ( ( 1 + 6 k ) π / 9 ) =e^{(1+6k)\pi{i}/9}+e^{-(1+6k)\pi{i}/9}=2\cos((1+6k)\pi/9) for k = 0 , 1 , 2 k=0,1,2 . Only k = 0 k=0 gives a positive solution, t = 2 cos ( π 9 ) t=2\cos(\frac{\pi}{9}) , so that x = t 2 = cos ( π 9 ) 0.940 x=\frac{t}{2}=\cos(\frac{\pi}{9})\approx0.940 .

Moderator note:

Fantastic.

It's unfortunate that most people aren't comfortable with the cubic formula these days. If the equation is written in the proper form, x 3 + 3 q x 2 r = 0 x^3+3qx-2r=0 , the solution is really quite simple, x = r + D 3 + r D 3 x=\sqrt[3]{r+\sqrt{D}}+\sqrt[3]{r-\sqrt{D}} , where D = q 3 + r 2 D=q^3+r^2 .

Otto Bretscher - 6 years, 1 month ago

Assume that X = 1/M Hence, 8(1/M)^3 - 6(1/M) = 1 Hence (8/M^3) - (6/M) = (1/1) Lets make the L.H.S as one part, we have (8M - 6M^3)/M^4 = 1/1 Hence we have the following equations 1 = M^3 and 1 = 8 - 6M^2 >>> 6M^2 = 7 The first equation gives us 3 solutions, two of them are imaginary. ω, ω^2 and ω^3 = 1 none of them are valid lets go to the second equation we have M^2 = 7/6 means that M = 1.08012345 but M = 1/X so X = 0.9258201

Moderator note:

How can we have the equation 1 = M 3 1 = M^3 and 1 = 8 6 M 2 1 = 8-6M^2 ? The answer to the question is cos ( π 9 ) 0.93969262 \cos \left ( \frac \pi 9 \right ) \approx 0.93969262 . How does that connect to your answer?

Seb Lacki
Apr 29, 2015

Numerical method:

In a calculator let Ans=1

Rearange x=( 1 8 + 6 A n s 8 \frac {1}{8}+\frac {6Ans}{8} ) 1 3 ^{\frac {1}{3}} and type the x value into the calculator

Tap equals until first 3 significant figures of the answer stop changing

x=0.94 (2d.p.)

What a method

Kyle Finch - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Guys we're here for practising math....not for abusing others....please don't do this.... @Kyle Finch

Istiak Reza - 6 years, 1 month ago

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when did i abuse hctib

Kyle Finch - 6 years, 1 month ago

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@Kyle Finch You modified your answer after I had made that comment @Kyle Finch

Istiak Reza - 6 years, 1 month ago

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