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Geometry Level 5

In Δ A B C \Delta ABC , B C BC is the perpendicular (internal) bisector of the line segment joining the circumcircle and incenter . Find B A C \angle BAC in degrees.


This problem is part of my set: Geometry


The answer is 108.000.

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4 solutions

Sam Bealing
May 1, 2016

Let B A C = x \angle BAC=x .

For B C BC to be the perpendicular biscetor of O I OI , it follows that the midpoint of O I OI must be the midpoint of B C BC as O O is on the perpendicular biscetor of B C BC .

By symettry, B I C \triangle BIC is similar to B O C \triangle BOC by reflecting across B C BC .

O B C = I B C = B 2 \angle OBC=\angle IBC=\frac{\angle B}{2} because I I is on the bisector of B \angle B . We have a similar result for O C B \angle OCB .

B O C = 18 0 B 2 C 2 = 18 0 ( B + C 2 ) = 18 0 18 0 A 2 ) = 9 0 + x 2 \angle BOC=180^{\circ}-\frac{\angle B}{2}-\frac{\angle C}{2}=180^{\circ}-(\frac{\angle B+\angle C}{2})=180^{\circ}-\frac{180^{\circ}-\angle A}{2})=90^{\circ}+\frac{x}{2}

Let D D be a point on the circumcircle of A B C \triangle ABC on the opposite side of B C BC to A A .

B D C = 9 0 + x 2 2 = 4 5 + x 4 \angle BDC=\frac{90^{\circ}+\frac{x}{2}}{2}=45^{\circ}+\frac{x}{4} because angle at circumference is half angle at center.

A B D C ABDC is cyclic gives:

B A C + B D C = 18 0 x + 4 5 + x 4 = 18 0 5 x 4 = 13 5 \angle BAC+\angle BDC=180^{\circ} \Rightarrow x+45^{\circ}+\frac{x}{4}=180^{\circ} \Rightarrow \frac{5x}{4}=135^{\circ}

x = 10 8 x=108^{\circ}

Moderator note:

Great synthetic approach with simple angle chasing! Wasn't expecting it. Thanks for sharing :)

Great synthetic approach with simple angle chasing! Wasn't expecting it. Thanks for sharing :)

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 1 month ago

Refer to the sketch. I is always within the triangle. But BC is INTERNAL perpendicular bisector of IO. (1) O is outside, (2) ID=DO=r . ( 1 ) A > 9 0 o , ( 2 ) d = 2 r . \text{Refer to the sketch. I is always within the triangle. But BC is INTERNAL perpendicular }\\ \text{bisector of IO.}\\ \therefore \text{(1) O is outside, (2) ID=DO=r }.~~\implies~(1) ~\angle~A~ >~90^o,~~(2)~d=2r.\\
link text
d 2 = R ( R 2 r ) = ( 2 r ) 2 . 4 ( r R ) 2 + 2 r R 1 = 0. S i n c e A > 9 0 o , w e t a k e t i v e s i g n a n d g e t r R = 1 + 5 4 = C o s E O C . E O C = 10 8 o . BC makes angle 2*EOC at the circumcenter while angle A at the circumference, A = 1 2 2 E O C A = 108. d^2 = R*(R - 2r)=(2r)^2.\\ \implies~4*(\dfrac r R )^2+2*\dfrac r R - 1 =0.\\ Since~\angle~A>90^o,~ we~take ~- tive~sign~and~get~~\dfrac r R= - \dfrac{1+\sqrt5} 4 =CosEOC.\\ \therefore~\angle~EOC~=108^o.\\ \text{BC makes angle 2*EOC at the circumcenter while angle A at the circumference,}\\ \therefore~\angle A=\frac 1 2 *2EOC\\ \implies~\angle~A=108.

How is it that the ratio of lengths is negative?

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 2 months ago

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These are directed line segments, meaning that the signage tells you which direction the line is pointing in. IE B C = C B |BC| = - |CB| .

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 1 month ago
Ahmad Saad
Apr 7, 2016

Euler's theorem in geometry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler'stheoremin_geometry)

I think we can improve your solution: After you've proved that B I C O BICO is a rhombus, B I C = B O C \angle BIC = \angle BOC . But B I C = 9 0 + B A C 2 \angle BIC = 90^\circ + \frac{\angle BAC}{2} , and B O C = 2 ( 18 0 B A C ) \angle BOC = 2(180^\circ - \angle BAC) , we have this equation:

B A C 2 + 9 0 = 2 ( 18 0 B A C ) B A C = 10 8 \frac{\angle BAC}{2}+90^\circ = 2(180^\circ - \angle BAC) \Rightarrow \angle BAC = 108^\circ .

Tran Quoc Dat - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Hadn't thought of it that way. Thanks for sharing!

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 2 months ago

Yeah that is faster ^^

Khoa Đăng - 5 years, 1 month ago

Exactly! But, you could've either added some wiki links, an outline or a small comment about the proof for I O 2 = R 2 2 r R IO^2=R^2-2rR

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Euler's theorem in geometry

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's theorem in_geometry]

Ahmad Saad - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Euler's theorem Here's the link.

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Thanks, appreciate your assistance.

Ahmad Saad - 5 years, 2 months ago
Rajdeep Brahma
Mar 25, 2018

Let O and I be perpendicular to BC meet BC at D.So in triangle IOD , angle IBD=B/2,ID=r(inradius),BD=a/2(OD perpendicular bisector).So r= a 2 \frac{a}{2} tan( B 2 \frac{B}{2} ).Also we know r=(s-b)tan( B 2 \frac{B}{2} ).Equating we get b=c. Now O is outside and I inside the triangle.angle OBD=angleIOD(since ID=OD given)=B/2.And angleBOD=angleBOA=2C.Alao C=B.Now angle chasing in triangle OBD yields B=B=36.Hence A=108.

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