Incenters Are Important

Geometry Level 5

The internal bisectors of the angles of the Δ A B C \Delta ABC meet the sides B C , C A BC, CA and A B AB at the points P , Q P, Q and R R respectively. If A B = 13 , B C = 14 , C A = 15 AB= 13, BC=14,CA=15 , find the area of P Q R \triangle PQR .

If this area can be expressed as M N \dfrac MN , where M M and N N are coprime positive integers, find M + N M+N .


The answer is 1907.

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2 solutions

Akshay Yadav
Mar 19, 2016

Good and simple question. I enjoyed it thoroughly!

We know that angle bisectors divide the side on which fall into the same ratio of other two sides,

Here a x = b y \frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y} .

Using the following theorem we get,

A P = 195 29 AP=\frac{195}{29} cm, P B = 182 29 PB=\frac{182}{29} cm, B Q = 13 2 BQ=\frac{13}{2} cm, Q C = 15 2 QC=\frac{15}{2} cm, C R = 70 9 CR=\frac{70}{9} cm and R A = 65 9 RA=\frac{65}{9} cm .

Also by cosine rule,

cos C A B = 33 65 \cos \angle CAB = \frac{33}{65} , cos A B C = 5 13 \cos \angle ABC = \frac{5}{13} and cos B C A = 3 5 \cos \angle BCA = \frac{3}{5} .

Hence we can find the sine of each angle.

sin C A B = 56 65 \sin \angle CAB = \frac{56}{65} , sin A B C = 12 13 \sin \angle ABC = \frac{12}{13} and sin B C A = 4 5 \sin \angle BCA = \frac{4}{5} .

Now,

a r ( A P R ) = 1 2 × 195 29 × 65 9 × 56 65 = 1820 87 ar(\bigtriangleup APR) = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{195}{29} \times \frac{65}{9} \times \frac{56}{65} = \frac{1820}{87} cm²

a r ( B Q P ) = 1 2 × 182 29 × 13 2 × 12 13 = 546 29 ar(\bigtriangleup BQP) = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{182}{29} \times \frac{13}{2} \times \frac{12}{13} = \frac{546}{29} cm²

a r ( C R Q ) = 1 2 × 15 2 × 70 9 × 4 5 = 70 3 ar(\bigtriangleup CRQ) = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{15}{2} \times \frac{70}{9} \times \frac{4}{5} = \frac{70}{3} cm²

So,

a r ( P Q R ) = a r ( A B C ) a r ( A P R ) a r ( B P Q ) a r ( C Q R ) ar(\bigtriangleup PQR) = ar(\bigtriangleup ABC) -ar(\bigtriangleup APR) -ar(\bigtriangleup BPQ) -ar(\bigtriangleup CQR)

a r ( P Q R ) = 84 1820 87 546 29 70 3 ar(\bigtriangleup PQR) = 84-\frac{1820}{87}-\frac{546}{29}-\frac{70}{3}

a r ( P Q R ) = 1820 87 ar(\bigtriangleup PQR) =\frac{1820}{87} cm².

@Akshay Yadav Nice solution.....but it would be great if we could generalise it for all triangles with sides a,b,c.

Mohit Gupta - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Mohit here is the generalized formula (I won't be providing its proof as its very long)-

a r ( P Q R ) = 2 a b c ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( c + a ) × a r ( A B C ) ar(\bigtriangleup PQR) = \frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC)

Where a a , b b and c c are sides of A B C \bigtriangleup ABC .

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Ya correct!!!!!!!!absolutely......i also derived the same :)

Mohit Gupta - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Mohit Gupta Is this an original problem?

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

is there any link on google from where i can get the proof of this

Deepansh Jindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Deepansh Jindal The proof of the formula comes from what I did in the solution, just try to generalize it.

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Akshay Yadav i am not getting it it would be better if you provide a particular solution of the derivation

Deepansh Jindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Deepansh Jindal I will give you a short insight of the proof-

Consider the same triangle as I used in the generalized formula and my solution. We know that angle bisectors divide the side on which fall into the same ratio of other two sides (see solution).

So,

A P = b c a + b AP=\frac{bc}{a+b} , P B = a c a + b PB=\frac{ac}{a+b} , B Q = a c b + c BQ=\frac{ac}{b+c} , Q C = a b b + c QC=\frac{ab}{b+c} , C R = a b a + c CR=\frac{ab}{a+c} and R A = b c a + c RA=\frac{bc}{a+c} .

Also,

sin A = 2 b c × a r ( A B C \sin \angle A = \frac{2}{bc}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC ), sin B = 2 c a × a r ( A B C \sin \angle B = \frac{2}{ca}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC ) and sin C = 2 a b × a r ( A B C \sin \angle C = \frac{2}{ab}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC ).

Now using this information to calculate area of A P R \bigtriangleup APR , B Q P \bigtriangleup BQP and C R Q \bigtriangleup CRQ .

a r ( A P R ) = b c ( a + b ) ( b + c ) × a r ( A B C ) ar(\bigtriangleup APR)=\frac{bc}{(a+b)(b+c)}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC)

a r ( B Q P ) = c a ( b + c ) ( a + b ) × a r ( A B C ) ar(\bigtriangleup BQP)=\frac{ca}{(b+c)(a+b)}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC)

a r ( C R Q ) = a b ( c + a ) ( b + c ) × a r ( A B C ) ar(\bigtriangleup CRQ)=\frac{ab}{(c+a)(b+c)}\times ar(\bigtriangleup ABC)

Now I leave the rest to you, you just need to subtract these areas with the area of A B C \bigtriangleup ABC (as done in the solution), after lots of algebra and simplification you will get the answer.

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Akshay Yadav Proof is not at all long if you try using vectors.

Manish Maharaj - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Manish Maharaj I am using simple geometry here! :)

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

@Deepansh Jindal @Deepansh Jindal I have tried my best to explain the proof to you.

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

It was foolish of me apply cosine rule and then calculating sine of each angle by indentity, isn't it? I should have rather calculated that directly.

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago
Ahmad Saad
Mar 20, 2016

@ahmad saad which software do you use for these geometrical diagrams?

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

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AutoCAD software.

It's used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and other professionals.

You can get it from Web sites.

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to qualifying students and teachers, with a 18-month renewable license available.

Ahmad Saad - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Thanks you Ahmad Saad!

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 2 months ago

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