Limits involving Euler-Mascheroni Constant!

Calculus Level 5

lim n ( ( i = 1 2 n ( 1 ) i 1 i ( 2 n i ) ) ln ( 8 n ) ) \large{\lim_{n \to \infty} \left( \left( \sum_{i=1}^{2n} \dfrac{(-1)^{i-1}}{i} {2n \choose i} \right) - \ln(8n) \right)}

If the limit above can be expressed as γ ln ( A ) \gamma - \ln(A) for positive integer A A , and where γ \gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni's Constant, find A A .


The answer is 4.

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1 solution

Isaac Buckley
Jul 26, 2015

This looks quite messy, so let's fiddle about and see what happens.

I start with simplifying this: S = i = 1 2 n ( 1 ) i 1 i ( 2 n i ) S=\sum_{i=1}^{2n} \dfrac{(-1)^{i-1}}{i} {2n \choose i}

So we consider:

( 1 x ) 2 n = 1 i = 1 2 n ( 1 ) i 1 ( 2 n i ) x i (1-x)^{2n}=1-\sum_{i=1}^{2n} {(-1)^{i-1}} {2n \choose i}x^{i}

If we divide by x x and integrate we can get it to match what we want:

S = i = 1 2 n ( 1 ) i 1 i ( 2 n i ) = 0 1 1 ( 1 x ) 2 n x d x S=\sum_{i=1}^{2n} \dfrac{(-1)^{i-1}}{i} {2n \choose i}=\int_{0}^{1}\dfrac{1-(1-x)^{2n}}{x}dx

By making a u = 1 x u=1-x sub we can simplify further:

S = 0 1 1 u 2 n 1 u d u = 0 1 k = 0 2 n 1 u k d x = H 2 n S=\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1-u^{2n}}{1-u}du=\int_{0}^{1}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{2n-1}u^k\,dx=H_{2n}

L = lim n ( H 2 n ln ( 8 n ) ) = lim n ( H 2 n ln ( 2 n ) ) ln ( 4 ) L = \lim_{n \to \infty} \left( H_{2n} - \ln(8n) \right)= \lim_{n \to \infty} \left( H_{2n} - \ln(2n) \right)-\ln(4)

L = γ ln ( 4 ) A = 4 \therefore L=γ-\ln(4) \implies A=\boxed{4}

Very nice solution but could you please elaborate more for weak mathematicians !

Syed Baqir - 5 years, 10 months ago

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I'll be happy to explain. What bits do you feel need explaining in further detail?

Isaac Buckley - 5 years, 10 months ago

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The second line looks complicated to me as I could not figure out how (1 - x)^2n come and also that Metric (2n , i ), Thank you .

Syed Baqir - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Syed Baqir That'll be a consequence of binomial expansion.

Let's do a simple example to see why this might be true.

( 1 x ) 4 = 1 4 x + 6 x 2 4 x 3 + x 4 = 1 i = 1 4 ( 1 ) i 1 ( 4 i ) x i (1-x)^{4}=1-4x+6x^2-4x^3+x^4=1-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{4}(-1)^{i-1}{4 \choose i}x^i

This is not to hard to generalise if you know about binomial coefficients .

Isaac Buckley - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Isaac Buckley How limits of integration is from 0 to 1 , as I thought there must be some infinity to the limits ?

Syed Baqir - 5 years, 10 months ago

@Isaac Buckley Thank you very much, means alot.

Syed Baqir - 5 years, 10 months ago

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