In the unit circle centered at the origin, we inscribe with , and moving freely on the circumference of the circle. The incenter of traces a closed locus. Find the area enclosed by the locus.
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Considering the triangle A I B we have sin ( 4 1 π − θ ) A I = sin 4 3 π 2 and hence A I = 2 ( cos θ − sin θ ) . Thus the coordinates of the incentre of A B C are ( X = − 1 + 2 ( cos θ − sin θ ) cos θ , Y = 2 ( cos θ − sin θ ) sin θ ) 0 ≤ θ ≤ 4 1 π at least for the top half of the locus, and so the desired area is 2 ∫ 4 1 π 0 Y ( θ ) X ′ ( θ ) d θ = π − 2
Indeed we see that X = cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ Y = cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ − 1 and hence X 2 + ( Y + 1 ) 2 = 2 so the upper half of the locus lies on the circle with centre ( 0 , − 1 ) and radius 2 . This means that the area contained in the locus is 2 × [ 2 1 × 2 2 × 2 1 π − 2 1 × 2 2 × sin 2 1 π ] = π − 2