Magnetism+Viscosity+Rotation

There is a non-conducting, viscous liquid(Yellow colour). A uniformly charged non conducting wooden disc of mass M M and radius R R is kept over the thick viscous liquid where the thickness of the liquid is d d . The scientist wants to know the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid. So he devises this method. He uses a magnetic field where the magnetic field varies with time as B = b t B=bt where b b is a constant. (Green lines are the magnetic field lines). Now he sets the value of b in such a way that the disc keeps on rotating with constant angular velocity ω 0 \omega_{0} .

This was his setup. (Although his setup is quite big and nonsensical, still he uses it to find out the coefficient of viscosity).

Find out the value of coefficient of viscosity with the following data and assumptions.(in SI Unit)

Values

  • Q = π C Q= \pi \space C

  • b = 2 T / s b=2 T/s

  • ω 0 = 10 r a d / s \omega_{0}=10 rad/s

  • R = 2 m R=2 m

  • M = 2 k g M= \sqrt{2} kg

  • d = 2 m d=2 m


Details And Assumptions

  • Consider that magnetic field is everywhere over the disc.

  • Consider that the liquid has no effect while applying magnetic field.

  • Consider that the disc to be placed over the liquid.

  • Completely original (Made in my dream)

  • Consider coefficient of friction between disc and liquid to be 0.(The one which occurs due to Normal Reaction)


The answer is 0.05.

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1 solution

Steven Chase
Jan 12, 2019

The fluid shear drag torque should be equal to the electric torque. This whole problem consists of analyzing the contributions from infinitesimal concentric rings.

Begin fluid portion

Infinitesimal fluid shear force and torque:

d F = μ d A v d = μ 2 π r d r r ω 0 d = 2 π ω 0 μ d r 2 d r d τ = d F r = 2 π ω 0 μ d r 3 d r dF = \mu \, dA \, \frac{v}{d} = \mu \, 2 \pi \, r \, dr \, \frac{r \, \omega_0}{d} = \frac{2 \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu}{d} r^2 \, dr \\ d \tau = dF \, r = \frac{2 \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu}{d} r^3 \, dr

Total fluid shear torque

τ = 0 R 2 π ω 0 μ d r 3 d r = 2 π ω 0 μ R 4 4 d = π ω 0 μ R 4 2 d \tau = \int_0^R \frac{2 \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu}{d} r^3 \, dr = \frac{2 \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu \, R^4}{4d} = \frac{ \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu \, R^4}{2d}

End fluid portion

Begin electric portion

Flux linkage for loop of radius r:

λ = π r 2 B = π r 2 b t \lambda = \pi \, r^2 \, B = \pi \, r^2 \, b t

Voltage for loop of radius r:

ϵ = λ ˙ = π r 2 b \epsilon = \dot{\lambda} = \pi \, r^2 \, b

Electric field at radius r:

E = ϵ 2 π r = 1 2 r b E =\frac{\epsilon}{2 \pi \, r} = \frac{1}{2} r \, b

Infinitesimal charge at radius r:

d Q = Q 2 π r d r π R 2 = 2 Q R 2 r d r dQ = Q \frac{2 \pi \, r \, dr}{\pi \, R^2} = \frac{2 Q}{R^2} \, r \, dr

Infinitesimal force at radius r:

d F = E d Q = Q b R 2 r 2 d r dF = E \, dQ = \frac{Q b}{R^2} \, r^2 \, dr

Infinitesimal torque at radius r:

d τ = r d F = Q b R 2 r 3 d r d \tau = r \, dF = \frac{Q b}{R^2} \, r^3 \, dr

Total electric torque:

τ = 0 R Q b R 2 r 3 d r = Q b R 2 4 \tau = \int_0^R \frac{Q b}{R^2} \, r^3 \, dr = \frac{Q b \, R^2}{4}

End electric portion

Setting torques equal

π ω 0 μ R 4 2 d = Q b R 2 4 μ = 2 d Q b R 2 4 π ω 0 R 4 = d Q b 2 π ω 0 R 2 = 2 × π × 2 2 π × 10 × 4 = 0.05 \frac{ \pi \, \omega_0 \, \mu \, R^4}{2d} = \frac{Q b \, R^2}{4} \\ \mu = \frac{2 \, d \, Q b \, R^2}{4 \pi \, \omega_0 \, R^4} = \frac{d \, Q b }{2 \pi \, \omega_0 \, R^2} = \frac{2 \times \pi \times 2 }{2 \pi \times 10 \times 4} = \boxed{0.05}

Nice!! I always tend to make silly errors :P

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 5 months ago

I posted one today which is inspired by this one

Steven Chase - 2 years, 4 months ago

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Yeah sir. Solved it. Interesting it was!! Liked solving it

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 4 months ago

https://brilliant.org/problems/computational-physics-mechanical-system/

How do we do this with CS?

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 4 months ago

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There are eight unknowns and eight equilibrium equations (two for each joint). It is therefore an 8x8 linear algebra problem. I have posted a solution under that problem. Long story short, the problem has nothing to do with CS, but it was placed under CS because a computer solution is the most convenient way to do it.

Steven Chase - 2 years, 4 months ago

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@Steven Chase Tha ks sir for clearing out my doubt.

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 4 months ago

Sir, need hints for this. https://brilliant.org/problems/gravitational-collapse/ Thanks

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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I solved it with numerical integration. Are you familiar with that?

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Steven Chase I mean can you tell me the concept involved. Did you understand what i mean? And how y varies with x at any time and all...

If you used different method, You may tell me that. Numerical integration is like this isnt it?

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I_RTShxXHRhBJNxea3dzrxWrBEv7LIip/view?usp=sharing

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Md Zuhair The beauty of numerical integration is that you don't have to have a closed form expression for the relationships between variables. You just compute the changes step by step. For example, consider the variable x, its first time derivative, and its second time derivative. Let's say that the subscript "k" denotes the present processing interval, and the subscript "k-1" denotes the previous processing interval. Euler integration looks like this:

x k = x k 1 + x ˙ k 1 Δ t x ˙ k = x ˙ k 1 + x ¨ k 1 Δ t x ¨ k = f ( x , . . . . . ) x_k = x_{k-1} + \dot{x}_{k-1} \, \Delta t \\ \dot{x}_k = \dot{x}_{k-1} + \ddot{x}_{k-1} \, \Delta t \\ \ddot{x}_k = f(x, .....)

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Steven Chase Dont we do it like this sir? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I_RTShxXHRhBJNxea3dzrxWrBEv7LIip/view?usp=sharing

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Yeah, that's it. Except here, we have variation over time, and multiple derivatives, and multiple quantities changing.

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Steven Chase Yeah... true.. I see... Thanks sir. But how do we apply in the question?

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Here is my code. I re-wrote it just now, since the problem is so old. The random numbers are just to ensure that the result is independent of the particular values of the constants.

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import math
import random

G = 1.0 + 5.0 * random.random()
m = 1.0 + 5.0 * random.random()

x0 = 1.0 + random.random()
y0 = 2.0*x0

x = x0
y = y0

xd = 0.0
yd = 0.0

xdd = 0.0
ydd = 0.0

dt = 10.0**(-6.0)
t = 0.0

while x >= 0.1*x0:

    x = x + xd * dt
    y = y + yd * dt

    xd = xd + xdd * dt
    yd = yd + ydd * dt

    D = math.sqrt(x**2.0 + y**2.0)

    Fx = -2.0*G*m*m*(x/D)/(D**2.0) - G*m*m/((2.0*x)**2.0)
    Fy = -2.0*G*m*m*(y/D)/(D**2.0) - G*m*m/((2.0*y)**2.0)

    xdd = Fx/m
    ydd = Fy/m

    #print t,x,y

    t = t + dt

print t    
print (y/x)

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Steven Chase Is this python sir?

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Yes, it is

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Steven Chase Oh,we are taught C++ . Still I can understand what it means. Thank you sir for you precious time. Have a nice day. Here its almost 2 AM at night. Good Night.

Md Zuhair - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Md Zuhair Sure thing. I also learned on C++ to begin with, but I now use Python. Talk to you later.

Steven Chase - 2 years, 3 months ago

Hello sir, how are you doing? Remember me?

Md Zuhair - 1 year, 1 month ago

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Hello. Yes, I do indeed. Things are a bit crazy these days, but I'm doing fine. Still posting lots of problems. How about you?

Steven Chase - 1 year, 1 month ago

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@Steven Chase Nice to learn that sir. Sir Im now pursuing computer engineering at one of the eminent institutes in India named IIT. Please keep posting your qs, they are pretty awesome! Things are bit crazy in brilliant or your personal life?

Md Zuhair - 1 year ago

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