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Calculus Level 3

Given that f ( x ) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + + a n x n f(x) = a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \ldots + a_n x^n , and f ( x ) e x 1 1 |f(x) | \leq | e^{x-1} - 1 | for all x 0 x \geq 0 . Find the value of y y if y a 1 + 2 a 2 + 3 a 3 + + n a n y \geq |a_1 + 2a_2 + 3a_3 + \ldots + n a_n | .


This is a past-year IIT-JEE problem.


The answer is 1.

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1 solution

Aditya Kumar
Mar 11, 2015

H e r e , f ( x ) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + . . . + a n x n . f ( x ) = a 1 + 2 a 2 x + 3 a 3 x 2 + . . . + n a n x n 1 f ( 1 ) = a 1 + 2 a 2 + 3 a 3 + . . . + n a n N o w , f ( x ) e x 1 1 x 0 = > f ( 1 ) 0 ! . B u t f ( 1 ) 0 s o f ( 1 ) = 0 = > f ( 1 + h ) e h 1 h 1 , h 0 = > f ( 1 + h ) 0 e h 1 h 1 , h 0 = > f ( 1 + h ) f ( 1 ) e h 1 = > f ( 1 + h ) f ( 1 ) h e h 1 h N o w t a k i n g l i m i t a s h 0 , l i m h 0 f ( 1 + h ) f ( 1 ) h l i m h 0 e h 1 h f ( 1 ) 1 a 1 + 2 a 2 + 3 a 3 + . . . + n a n 1 Here,\\ f\left( x \right) ={ a }_{ 0 }+{ a }_{ 1 }x+{ a }_{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }+...+{ a }_{ n }{ x }^{ n }.\\ f^{ ' }\left( x \right) ={ a }_{ 1 }+{ 2a }_{ 2 }x+{ 3a }_{ 3 }{ x }^{ 2 }+...+{ na }_{ n }{ x }^{ n-1 }\\ f^{ ' }\left( 1 \right) ={ a }_{ 1 }+{ 2a }_{ 2 }+{ 3a }_{ 3 }+...+{ na }_{ n }\\ Now,\\ \left| f\left( x \right) \right| \le \left| { e }^{ x-1 }-1 \right| \quad \forall \quad x\ge 0\\ =>\left| f\left( 1 \right) \right| \le 0!.\\ But\quad \left| f\left( 1 \right) \right| \ge 0\\ so\quad \left| f\left( 1 \right) \right| =0\\ =>\left| f\left( 1+h \right) \right| \le \left| { e }^{ h }-1 \right| \quad \forall \quad h\ge -1,\quad h\neq 0\\ =>\left| f\left( 1+h \right) -0 \right| \le \left| { e }^{ h }-1 \right| \quad \forall \quad h\ge -1,\quad h\neq 0\\ =>\left| f\left( 1+h \right) -f(1) \right| \le \left| { e }^{ h }-1 \right| \\ =>\left| \frac { f\left( 1+h \right) -f(1) }{ h } \right| \le \left| \frac { { e }^{ h }-1 }{ h } \right| \\ Now\quad taking\quad limit\quad as\quad h\rightarrow 0,\\ \underset { h\rightarrow 0 }{ lim } \left| \frac { f\left( 1+h \right) -f(1) }{ h } \right| \le \underset { h\rightarrow 0 }{ lim } \left| \frac { { e }^{ h }-1 }{ h } \right| \\ f^{ ' }\left( 1 \right) \le 1\\ \therefore \left| { a }_{ 1 }+{ 2a }_{ 2 }+{ 3a }_{ 3 }+...+{ na }_{ n } \right| \le 1

Haha , as soon as you mentioned that it is an old JEE question , I thought that perhaps 1 is the answer and I went for it !

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Went for 0 and then 1! Same reason! +1 Aditya, if it helps you.

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Cheers ¨ \ddot\smile

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member I remember a friend of mine was once taking a JEE mock test paper. Whenever he couldn't solve a question, he went for 0 or 1 and got most of them right!

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 Well, I have another story for you . Last year in the NSO first level , there was a friend of mine who hadn't studied and come for the exam . Do you know what he did ? He marked the option C for 37 questions out of 50 and got around 30 of them correct and that stupid (in a friendly way!) got school rank 2 without even studying !!

Seriously , we then had to tolerate his bragging on that topic !

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Wow! He must have been intolerable!

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 You bet !

Btw , if you are studying now , sorry for disturbing you .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member No, I'm about to go to bed (well, I have been for the past 20 minutes), and was just whiling away some time. Sorry if I've disturbed you too. Goodnight!

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 I am enjoying it out here too ! Well , have sweet dreams :)

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member @Azhaghu Roopesh M can you suggest me a good way to prepare for iit-jee

Aditya Kumar - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar Do you currently go to some coaching institute ?

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Yes I do go to a coaching institute

Aditya Kumar - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar That's great! You can get all the basic knowledge of each chapter from your teachers and then you can furnish your skills by solving material from your institute . And yes , there's always Brilliant when you want to go a bit higher with the practice !The Brilliant wiki's are also vary good . And also the peer group here is equally fantastic ,If you want help regarding books , you can always post it as a note and ask .

I'm sure you'll clear JEE if you spend your time wisely .:)

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Thanks.....is solving upto krotov level in physics enough??

Aditya Kumar - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar Who's he ?? Well , a friend of mine who cleared JEE last year and is studying in IITB currently advised me to thoroughly read NCERT and practice my Institute's books well . I can personally advise you to choose any book and solve it completely , I mean it completely to get the idea of questions .

I'll call some of my Physics Genii friends here to help you out :)

@Raghav Vaidyanathan , @Mvs Saketh , @Deepanshu Gupta , @Shashwat Shukla

Guys, help him out !

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member krotov is a book tougher than irodov

Aditya Kumar - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar I guess then I'll pass on Krotov !!

Btw don't get discouraged if no one's answering your questions , keep on posting so that people will come to know you are capable of posting good questions .

A personal suggestion will be that you first post your original questions and then post other questions so that people can feel that you can create good questions yourself :)

Good Luck :)

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member thanks......good night :)

Aditya Kumar - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar Yeah , good night :)

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

@A Former Brilliant Member Thanks. They'll all be about maths! They usually are! Same to you when you go to sleep.

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 Hmm, now that you mention it , the only time I had a Math dream is that when I was in Class 7 and in my dream I was in KBC and for the final question , I was asked to prove 1+1=2 and I was stumped there !

I think I still won't be able to prove it . As there were some researchers who had written a 150 page proof !

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Couldn't go to bed yet, thinking I'll ask one doubt as a note and would then go to bed... We can all 'prove' ( 1 + 1 ) = x (1+1) = x where x R x\in R , though!

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 Just posted it . Please do help. Off to bed now.

User 123 - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@User 123 I'll give it a try . I'll ask some of my friends too visit there too.

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

There is mistype in 6th line after => I think It should be f ( 1 ) < = 0 f(1)<=0 !

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 2 months ago

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i did not understand that line .... could you please elaborate?

Abhinav Raichur - 6 years ago

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substitute x = 1 x = 1

Aditya Kumar - 6 years ago

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