Given two real numbers x , y satisfying the relation x 2 + y 2 = 1 . Then find the maximum value of
x 2 + 3 x y + 5 y 2 1
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For those who want some elaboration:
Searching for the maximum value of x 2 + 3 x y + 5 y 2 1 is equivalent to searching for the mininimum value of x 2 + 3 x y + 5 y 2 . Substituting of x = sin θ , y = cos θ , we get 1 + 4 cos 2 θ + 3 cos θ sin θ = 1 + 2 ( cos 2 θ + 1 ) + 2 3 ( 2 sin θ cos θ ) = 3 + 2 cos 2 θ + 2 3 sin 2 θ .
Apply the Trigonometric R method : 3 + 2 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2 sin ( 2 θ + α ) . Minimum occurs when the sine function equal to − 1 , the expresion becomes 3 − 2 . 5 = 0 . 5 .
So the maximum value is 1 ÷ 0 . 5 = 2 .
i also solved it in the same way
After the substitution x = u − 3 v , y = v + 3 u , we have to maximize 5 5 u 2 + 5 v 2 1 subject to 1 0 u 2 + 1 0 v 2 = 1 . This amounts to maximizing 1 0 0 u 2 + 1 2 for 0 ≤ u 2 ≤ 1 0 1 . The maximum is 2 when u = 0 .
How did you pick x = u − 3 v and y = v + 3 u ? It looks like you're doing some Jacobian determinant, am I right?
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I'm finding the (orthogonal) eigenvectors to diagonalise the quadratic form.
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Can you translate it to English?
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@Pi Han Goh – I guess eigenvectors are (half) German ;) As you know, the equation x 2 + 3 x y + 5 y 2 = 1 defines an ellipse. To find the principal axes, we can look for the eigenvectors of the matrix of the quadratic form, which is [ 1 3 / 2 3 / 2 5 ]
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@Otto Bretscher – Ahhh. Now I just need a thesaurus. Thanks
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@Pi Han Goh – For practice, apply these ideas here ;)
@Pi Han Goh – I resorted to Lagrange multipliers. :P
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@Brian Charlesworth – That's my favourite method too, Brian! But it can be fun to apply some concepts from linear algebra...
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I would like to drop a hint after which the question simplifies greatly.
Substitute x for s i n θ and y for c o s θ