A B C D E F is a regular hexagon with area 2 4 0 . M is the midpoint of B D and N is the midpoint of A F . What is the area of triangle M E N ?
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I believe that "We have an equilateral triangle, so A r e a = 4 3 s 2 2 7 should actually read "so A r e a = 4 3 s 2 4 7 ". Otherwise, the answer you get is 1 4 0 . I think you didn't square s 2 7 properly. Other than that, nice solution. Better than brute force :)
Now, upon further examination, triangle B N M is isoceles with base B M .
Upon further examination? Care to explain?
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Let us plot a point X in the hexagon such that angle A X F is right. The line A X is parallel to and of equal length as the line B C .
Now we can imagine that right triangle A X F is split by two lines from N perpendicular to each leg of the triangle into 2 triangles and 1 rectangle.
The two triangles are similar as they have all the same angle values. Furthermore, because N is a midpoint, they have the same length hypotenuses, making them congruent.
Thus, if we were to draw an altitude from N to base B M , it would intersect at the midpoint between B and M , implying that the triangle B N M is isoceles. (think angle bisector theorem)
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I'm not sure what you mean by "The line AX is parallel to and of equal length as the line BC". This would mean that X is the center of the hexagon, in which case ∠ A X F = 9 0 ∘ .
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@Calvin Lin – I tried reading Jonathan's reply but I also got stuck at that part.
An easier way of seeing this is
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This is how I proved △ B N M is isosceles. I asked the question to Jonathan because I thought it was important to include this part in the solution. Otherwise, the solution seemed incomplete to me.
I've made several edits to your solution, especially for the second last line which used to read A r e a = 4 3 s 3 4 . Can you review it and ensure it is correct?
Let the side length of the hexagon be s . Then the area of the hexagon is 2 3 s 2 3 = 2 4 0 , which can be seen by dividing the hexagon up into six equilateral triangles. We will compute the area of △ M E N by first finding the area of F E M N and then subtracting the area of △ F E N .
Let A E and F M intersect at P . Then P M = s and F P = s / 2 (from the properties of 3 0 − 6 0 − 9 0 triangles), so F M = 2 3 s . Now let X be the foot of the perpendicular from N to F M . △ F N X is also a 3 0 − 6 0 − 9 0 triangle, so N X = 4 s 3 . Therefore, the area of △ F N M is 2 1 ⋅ 2 3 s ⋅ 4 s 3 = 1 6 3 s 2 3 = 8 1 ( 2 3 s 2 3 ) = 8 1 ( 2 4 0 ) = 3 0 .
Let Y be the foot of the perpendicular from E to F M . Then Y E = 2 s 3 , which is twice X N . Therefore, the area of △ F E M is twice the area of △ F N M , or 2 ( 3 0 ) = 6 0 .
Thus, the area of F E N M is 3 0 + 6 0 = 9 0 .
Now we find the area of △ F E N , using the sine area formula. We have F N = s / 2 , F E = s , and ∠ E F N = 1 2 0 ∘ , so the area of triangle F E N is 2 1 ⋅ 2 s ⋅ s ⋅ sin 1 2 0 ∘ = 8 s 2 3 = 1 2 1 ( 2 4 0 ) = 2 0 .
Finally, the area of △ M E N is 9 0 − 2 0 = 7 0 .
All solutions boil down to showing that M E N is an equilateral triangle. This can be easily shown using complex numbers.
This can be shown in a much more simple way. Let O be the center of the hexagon. It's easy to prove that triangles EFN and EOM are cogruent, so EN=EM, and angle FEN = angle OEM. Now angle NEM = angle NEO+angle OEM=angle NEO +FEN=angle FEO =60
Let the length A B = 2 x Apply Pythagoras' Theorem to find that M D = 3 x , M E = 7 x Use the cosine rule to find that E N = 7 x
Draw a line parallel to AB through N. Let this line meet BD at P. Then we have N P = 2 5 x , P M = 2 3 x , N M = 7 x
So MEN is an equilateral triangle with side length 7 x .
The ratio of areas of similar shapes is the square of the ratio of sides. So we have Area MEN = ( 2 7 ) 2 × 4 0 = 7 0
Let mid point of AE be O(0,0). Let each side of hexagon be 'a'.
So we have the following coordinates:
A ( 0 , 2 3 a )
B ( a , 2 3 a )
C ( 2 3 a , 0 )
D ( a , 2 − 3 a )
E ( 0 , 2 − 3 a )
F ( 2 − a , 0 )
Hence, we have,
M ( a , 0 ) and N ( 4 − a , 4 3 a )
Now we can use distance formula to find each of N E = N M = E M = p = 4 7 a 2
Which means △ N E M is equilateral and its area is 4 3 p 2 = 1 6 7 3 a 2
Also, area of hexagon is A = 2 ∗ 2 1 ∗ ( a + 2 a ) ∗ 2 3 a = 2 3 3 a 2
Area of △ N E M is A ∗ 3 7 ∗ 8 1 = 7 0
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We have a regular hexagon with area 240. Let us denote the length of one side as s .
Now, examining our hexagon, because M is a midpoint, M D = 2 s 3 . Using the Pythagorean Theorem we can find M E = 2 s 7 .
Furthermore, N F = 2 s (because N is a midpoint), and using the Law of Cosines and the fact that internal angles of a regular hexagon are 120, N E = 2 s 7 .
Now, upon further examination, triangle B N M is isosceles with base B M . Thus, B N ≅ M N , and because B N ≅ N E = 2 s 7 , by the transitive property, N M = 2 s 7 .
We have an equilateral triangle, so A r e a = 4 3 s 2 2 7 .
Using the fact that the area of the hexagon is 2 4 0 , we can determine that s 2 = 3 1 6 0
Plugging in, the area and answer is 7 0 .