Men area

Geometry Level 5

A B C D E F ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with area 240 240 . M M is the midpoint of B D BD and N N is the midpoint of A F AF . What is the area of triangle M E N MEN ?


The answer is 70.

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5 solutions

Jonathan Tseng
Aug 18, 2013

We have a regular hexagon with area 240. Let us denote the length of one side as s s .

Now, examining our hexagon, because M is a midpoint, M D = s 3 2 MD = \frac{s \sqrt{3}}{2} . Using the Pythagorean Theorem we can find M E = s 7 2 ME = \frac{s \sqrt{7}}{2} .

Furthermore, N F = s 2 NF = \frac{s}{2} (because N is a midpoint), and using the Law of Cosines and the fact that internal angles of a regular hexagon are 120, N E = s 7 2 NE = \frac{s \sqrt{7}}{2} .

Now, upon further examination, triangle B N M BNM is isosceles with base B M BM . Thus, B N M N BN \cong MN , and because B N N E = s 7 2 BN \cong NE = \frac{s \sqrt{7}}{2} , by the transitive property, N M = s 7 2 NM = \frac{s \sqrt{7}}{2} .

We have an equilateral triangle, so A r e a = 3 4 s 2 7 2 Area = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^{2} \frac{7}{2} .

Using the fact that the area of the hexagon is 240 240 , we can determine that s 2 = 160 3 s^{2} = \frac{160}{\sqrt{3}}

Plugging in, the area and answer is 70 70 .

I believe that "We have an equilateral triangle, so A r e a = 3 4 s 2 7 2 Area = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2\frac{7}{2} should actually read "so A r e a = 3 4 s 2 7 4 Area = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2\frac{7}{4} ". Otherwise, the answer you get is 140 140 . I think you didn't square s 7 2 s\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2} properly. Other than that, nice solution. Better than brute force :)

Sotiri Komissopoulos - 7 years, 9 months ago

Now, upon further examination, triangle B N M BNM is isoceles with base B M BM .

Upon further examination? Care to explain?

Mursalin Habib - 7 years, 9 months ago

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Let us plot a point X X in the hexagon such that angle A X F AXF is right. The line A X AX is parallel to and of equal length as the line B C BC .

Now we can imagine that right triangle A X F AXF is split by two lines from N N perpendicular to each leg of the triangle into 2 triangles and 1 rectangle.

The two triangles are similar as they have all the same angle values. Furthermore, because N N is a midpoint, they have the same length hypotenuses, making them congruent.

Thus, if we were to draw an altitude from N N to base B M BM , it would intersect at the midpoint between B B and M M , implying that the triangle B N M BNM is isoceles. (think angle bisector theorem)

Jonathan Tseng - 7 years, 9 months ago

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I'm not sure what you mean by "The line AX is parallel to and of equal length as the line BC". This would mean that X is the center of the hexagon, in which case A X F 9 0 \angle AXF \neq 90^\circ .

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 9 months ago

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@Calvin Lin I tried reading Jonathan's reply but I also got stuck at that part.

Mursalin Habib - 7 years, 9 months ago

An easier way of seeing this is

  1. C M F CMF is a straight line, that is parallel to A B AB and perpendicular to B M D BMD .
  2. Hence, the perpendicular bisector of B M BM passes though the midpoint of A F AF , which is N N .
  3. Thus B N = N M BN = NM .

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 9 months ago

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This is how I proved B N M \triangle BNM is isosceles. I asked the question to Jonathan because I thought it was important to include this part in the solution. Otherwise, the solution seemed incomplete to me.

Mursalin Habib - 7 years, 9 months ago

I've made several edits to your solution, especially for the second last line which used to read A r e a = 3 4 s 34 Area = \frac{ \sqrt{3}} {4} s^{34} . Can you review it and ensure it is correct?

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 9 months ago
Michael Tang
Aug 20, 2013

Let the side length of the hexagon be s . s. Then the area of the hexagon is 3 s 2 3 2 = 240 , \dfrac{3s^2\sqrt3}{2} = 240, which can be seen by dividing the hexagon up into six equilateral triangles. We will compute the area of M E N \triangle MEN by first finding the area of F E M N FEMN and then subtracting the area of F E N . \triangle FEN.

Let A E AE and F M FM intersect at P . P. Then P M = s PM = s and F P = s / 2 FP = s/2 (from the properties of 30 60 90 30-60-90 triangles), so F M = 3 s 2 . FM = \frac{3s}{2}. Now let X X be the foot of the perpendicular from N N to F M . FM. F N X \triangle FNX is also a 30 60 90 30-60-90 triangle, so N X = s 3 4 . NX = \dfrac{s\sqrt3}{4}. Therefore, the area of F N M \triangle FNM is 1 2 3 s 2 s 3 4 = 3 s 2 3 16 = 1 8 ( 3 s 2 3 2 ) = 1 8 ( 240 ) = 30. \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{3s}{2} \cdot \frac{s\sqrt3}{4} = \frac{3s^2\sqrt3}{16} = \frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{3s^2\sqrt3}{2}\right) = \dfrac{1}{8}(240) = 30.


Let Y Y be the foot of the perpendicular from E E to F M . FM. Then Y E = s 3 2 , YE = \dfrac{s\sqrt3}{2}, which is twice X N . XN. Therefore, the area of F E M \triangle FEM is twice the area of F N M , \triangle FNM, or 2 ( 30 ) = 60. 2(30) = 60.

Thus, the area of F E N M FENM is 30 + 60 = 90. 30 + 60 = 90.

Now we find the area of F E N , \triangle FEN, using the sine area formula. We have F N = s / 2 , FN = s/2, F E = s , FE = s, and E F N = 12 0 , \angle EFN = 120^{\circ}, so the area of triangle F E N FEN is 1 2 s 2 s sin 12 0 = s 2 3 8 = 1 12 ( 240 ) = 20. \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{s}{2} \cdot s \cdot \sin 120^{\circ} = \dfrac{s^2\sqrt{3}}{8} = \dfrac{1}{12}(240) = 20.

Finally, the area of M E N \triangle MEN is 90 20 = 70 . 90 - 20 = \boxed{70}.

Moderator note:

All solutions boil down to showing that M E N MEN is an equilateral triangle. This can be easily shown using complex numbers.

This can be shown in a much more simple way. Let O be the center of the hexagon. It's easy to prove that triangles EFN and EOM are cogruent, so EN=EM, and angle FEN = angle OEM. Now angle NEM = angle NEO+angle OEM=angle NEO +FEN=angle FEO =60

ivan delev - 7 years, 9 months ago
Karthik Tadinada
Aug 19, 2013

Let the length A B = 2 x AB=2x Apply Pythagoras' Theorem to find that M D = 3 x , M E = 7 x MD=\sqrt{3}x, ME=\sqrt{7}x Use the cosine rule to find that E N = 7 x EN=\sqrt{7}x

Draw a line parallel to AB through N. Let this line meet BD at P. Then we have N P = 5 2 x , P M = 3 2 x , N M = 7 x NP=\frac{5}{2}x, PM=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}x,NM=\sqrt{7}x

So MEN is an equilateral triangle with side length 7 x \sqrt{7}x .

The ratio of areas of similar shapes is the square of the ratio of sides. So we have Area MEN = ( 7 2 ) 2 × 40 = 70 =(\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2})^2 \times 40=70

Rohit Sachdeva
Jun 28, 2016

Let mid point of AE be O(0,0). Let each side of hexagon be 'a'.

So we have the following coordinates:

A ( 0 , 3 a 2 ) A(0,\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{2})

B ( a , 3 a 2 ) B(a,\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{2})

C ( 3 a 2 , 0 ) C(\frac{3a}{2},0)

D ( a , 3 a 2 ) D(a,\frac{-\sqrt{3}a}{2})

E ( 0 , 3 a 2 ) E(0,\frac{-\sqrt{3}a}{2})

F ( a 2 , 0 ) F(\frac{-a}{2},0)

Hence, we have,

M ( a , 0 ) M(a,0) and N ( a 4 , 3 a 4 ) N(\frac{-a}{4},\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{4})

Now we can use distance formula to find each of N E = N M = E M = p = 7 a 2 4 NE=NM=EM = p = \sqrt{\frac{7a^{2}}{4}}

Which means N E M \triangle NEM is equilateral and its area is 3 p 2 4 = 7 3 a 2 16 \frac{\sqrt{3}p^{2}}{4} = \frac{7\sqrt{3}a^{2}}{16}

Also, area of hexagon is A = 2 1 2 ( a + 2 a ) 3 a 2 = 3 3 a 2 2 A = 2*\frac{1}{2}*(a+2a)*\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{2} = \frac{3\sqrt{3}a^{2}}{2}

Area of N E M \triangle NEM is A 7 3 1 8 = 70 A*\frac{7}{3}*\frac{1}{8} = 70

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