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Algebra Level 2

What is the minimum value of x 2 + x + 3 |x-2|+|x+3| ?


The answer is 5.

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3 solutions

Md Zuhair
Apr 24, 2017

Lets break up this function into several pieces.

Case 1 When x 2 x \geq 2 , f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 3 2 x + 1 f(x)= x-2 + x+3 \implies 2x+1 No maxima-minima,

Case II When 3 < x 2 -3 < x \leq 2 f ( x ) = x + 2 + x + 3 5 f(x)= -x+2+x+3 \implies 5

Case III When x 3 x \leq -3

f ( x ) = x + 2 x 3 = 2 x 1 f(x) = -x+2 - x-3 = -2x-1

No maxima, minima,

So f ( x ) m i n = 5 f(x)_{min}=5

Chew-Seong Cheong
Apr 24, 2017

Using AM-GM inequality , we have

x 2 + x + 3 2 x 2 x + 3 Equality occurs when x 2 = x + 3 or x = 1 2 2 5 2 5 2 = 5 \begin{aligned} |x-2| + |x+3| & \ge 2 \sqrt{|x-2| |x+3|} & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Equality occurs when } |x-2|= |x+3| \text{ or } x = -\frac 12 \\ & \ge 2 \sqrt{\frac 52 \cdot \frac 52} = \boxed{5} \end{aligned}

Tapas Mazumdar
Apr 24, 2017

We have

f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 3 : = { ( 2 x ) + ( 3 x ) , x < 3 ( 2 x ) + ( x + 3 ) , 3 x < 2 ( x 2 ) + ( x + 3 ) , x 2 : = { 1 2 x , x < 3 5 , 3 x < 2 2 x + 1 , x 2 \begin{aligned} f(x) = |x-2| + |x+3| & := \begin{cases} (2-x) + (-3-x), & x < -3 \\ (2-x) + (x+3), & -3 \le x < 2 \\ (x-2) + (x+3), & x \ge 2 \end{cases} \\ \\ & := \begin{cases} -1-2x, & x < -3 \\ 5, & -3 \le x < 2 \\ 2x+1, & x \ge 2 \end{cases} \end{aligned}

Observe that

x < 3 f ( x ) > 5 3 x < 2 f ( x ) = 5 x 2 f ( x ) 5 \begin{aligned} x<-3 & \implies & f(x) > 5 \\ -3 \le x < 2 & \implies & f(x) = 5 \\ x \ge 2 & \implies & f(x) \ge 5 \end{aligned}

We conclude that min ( f ( x ) ) = 5 \min (f(x)) = \boxed{5} .

Really cool one! That is the best solution I have ever seen to this problem. ;) <3

Maxim Kasnedelchev - 4 years, 1 month ago

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Thank you very much. You seem to be new on Brilliant. What do you say about your experience here?

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 1 month ago

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It has been great! <3

Maxim Kasnedelchev - 4 years, 1 month ago

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@Maxim Kasnedelchev Good to hear! Keep solving more problems and keep improving your knowledge. Brilliant and curiosity have no limits. :)

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 1 month ago

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