Split, Split, Split

Geometry Level 2

The figure above is drawn on a square grid as shown.

Find the marked angle in degrees.


The answer is 45.

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4 solutions

Ahmad Saad
Nov 9, 2016

Nice construction of DG to continue the pattern.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago
Chung Kevin
Nov 9, 2016

Label the vertices as shown above.
Observe that A E B F AE \perp BF (which can be shown by calculating the product of their tangents)
Since E G F = 9 0 \angle EGF = 90^ \circ and E C F = 9 0 \angle ECF = 90 ^ \circ , thus E G F + E C F = 18 0 \angle EGF + \angle ECF = 180^ \circ so E C F G ECFG is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Thus, E G C = E F C \angle EGC = \angle EFC . Since E C F ECF is an isosceles right triangle, thus E F C = 4 5 \angle EFC = 45 ^ \circ .


Seems like every solution boils down to showing that E C F G ECFG is cyclic.
This way, we take the strange unknown angle E G C EGC , with the weird line G C GC , and make it into something that is easier to understand.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago
Lolly Lau
Nov 5, 2016

Nocturne No.3 Commentary

Notice how a line segment is added to form two right triangles.

The diameter of every right triangle's circumcircle is its hypotenuse. (converse of Thales' theorem )

Since the two right triangles share the same hypotenuse, they share the same circumcircle.

<OR since the opposite angles of the quadrilateral composed of the two right triangles are supplementary i.e. add up to 180 degrees, the vertices of the right triangles are concyclic .>

The required angle can then easily be found via angles in the same segment (angles subtended by the same segment are the same).

Great problem! Could you add more details to your solution so that it's easier for someone to follow it? Thanks.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago

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Sure thing. I'll add intermediate logical steps and add wiki links to some harder vocabulary.

Lolly Lau - 4 years, 7 months ago

Is it just me or is there no wiki article on 'Angles in the Same Segment' or the like :)

Lolly Lau - 4 years, 7 months ago

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Here you go: circles - inscribed angles .

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago

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@Calvin Lin Awesome! I'll just link that in there as well.

Lolly Lau - 4 years, 7 months ago
Chew-Seong Cheong
Nov 12, 2016

Let A F E = θ \angle AFE = \theta and note that tan θ = 1 2 \tan \theta = \frac 12 . Since F A = 1 FA = 1 , then B E = F A sin θ = 1 5 BE = FA \sin \theta = \frac 1{\sqrt 5} . A B = B E sin θ = 1 5 AB = BE \sin \theta = \frac 15 and A E = B E cos θ = 2 5 AE = BE \cos \theta = \frac 25

Now, we have:

B E C = B E D C E D = tan 1 A E A B tan 1 C D E D = tan 1 2 5 1 5 tan 1 2 5 1 + 1 5 = tan 1 2 tan 1 1 3 = tan 1 2 1 3 1 + 2 3 = tan 1 1 = 45 \begin{aligned} \angle BEC & = \angle BED - \angle CED \\ & = \tan^{-1} \frac {AE}{AB} - \tan^{-1} \frac {CD}{ED} \\ & = \tan^{-1} \frac {\frac 25}{\frac 15} - \tan^{-1} \frac {\frac 25}{1+\frac 15} \\ & = \tan^{-1} 2 - \tan^{-1} \frac 13 \\ & = \tan^{-1} \frac {2-\frac 13}{1+\frac 23} \\ & = \tan^{-1} 1 \\ & = \boxed{45}^\circ \end{aligned}

A solution without utilising the cyclic quadrilateral :)

Lolly Lau - 4 years, 7 months ago

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