Not the Normal Distribution

Calculus Level 4

e ( x 2 + 1 x 2 ) d x = π A e B \large \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}\text{ }dx=\frac{\pi^A}{e^B}

Find 100 ( A + B ) , 100(A+B), where A A and B B are rationals such that the equation above is fulfilled.


The answer is 250.

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3 solutions

Kazem Sepehrinia
Aug 15, 2015

Consider a more general form of this integral, let y > 0 y>0 be a real number and I ( y ) = e x 2 ( y x ) 2 d x \text{I}(y)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-x^2-(\frac{y}{x})^2} \ \text{d}x Take derivative with respect to y y I ( y ) = 2 y x 2 e x 2 ( y x ) 2 d x \text{I}'(y)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} -\frac{2y}{x^2}e^{-x^2-(\frac{y}{x})^2} \ \text{d}x Let u = y x u=\frac{y}{x} in the I \text{I}' I ( y ) = 2 e ( y u ) 2 u 2 d u = 2 e ( y u ) 2 u 2 d u = 2 I ( y ) \text{I}'(y)=\int_{\infty}^{-\infty}2e^{-(\frac{y}{u})^2-u^2} \ \text{d}u=-2\int_{-\infty}^{\infty }e^{-(\frac{y}{u})^2-u^2} \ \text{d}u=-2\text{I}(y) Therefore, I ( y ) + 2 I ( y ) = 0 \text{I}'(y)+2\text{I}(y)=0 , solve this simple differential equation to get I ( y ) = a exp ( 2 y ) \text{I}(y)=a \exp(-2y) , Note that a = I ( 0 ) = e x 2 d x = π a=\text{I}(0)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-x^2} \ \text{d}x=\sqrt{\pi} So I ( y ) = π exp ( 2 y ) \text{I}(y)=\sqrt{\pi} \exp(-2y) and for your particular case of y = 1 y=1 I ( 1 ) = π exp ( 2 ) \text{I}(1)=\sqrt{\pi} \exp(-2)

Ah Feynman! Surely you're joking! I used Gaussian way.

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 10 months ago

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What?? An English solution? That's impossible!

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 10 months ago

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f ( x 1 x ) d x = f ( x ) d x \int_{-\infty}^\infty f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\text{ }dx=\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)\text{ }dx makes this integral a piece of cake.

Trevor B. - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Trevor B. Yeah I thought so too. I did a slightly longer U-substitution but yours work too. Can you post your solution as well? Thankyou!

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 10 months ago

Hey Pi Han, what do you mean by English solution? would you explain please?

@Kartik Sharma , Pi Han, Guys Is there a calculus problem that you cannot solve? (I'm not mentioning other branches!) I really enjoy in this site. Really, you guys are awesome! I'm going to post an integral problem. I know a solution to the problem, but I hope you can find a solution other than complex analysis for it! And I'll watch and I'll enjoy :)

Kazem Sepehrinia - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Kazem Sepehrinia

Pi Han, Guys Is there a calculus problem that you cannot solve? (I'm not mentioning other branches!) I really enjoy in this site.

Yeah definitely! A lot! I can't solve most of the problems here .

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 10 months ago

Write I = e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x I=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx . Then, note that, since the integrand is an even function, I = 2 0 e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x I=2\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx By a transformation x 1 / x x\to 1/x , we see that the integral becomes, I = 2 0 1 x 2 e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x I = 0 ( 1 + 1 x 2 ) e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x I = 0 1 ( 1 + 1 x 2 ) e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x + 1 ( 1 + 1 x 2 ) e ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) d x I=2\int_{0}^\infty \frac{1}{x^2}e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx\\\implies I=\int_0^{\infty}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx\\\implies I=\int_{0}^{1}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx+\int_{1}^{\infty}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)e^{-(x^2+1/x^2)}dx Now, using the transformation x 1 / x x x-1/x\to x , we get I = e 2 e x 2 d x = π e 2 I=e^{-2}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-x^2}dx=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{e^2} Thus the answer is 100 ( 0.5 + 2 ) = 250 100(0.5+2)=\boxed{250} .

Lu Chee Ket
Oct 30, 2015

The infinities aren't so huge. We may take -26.616 to 26.616 instead. Limit to 0 is 0.

0.239875543936122+ for Sqrt (Pi)/ e^2 = 0.23987554393612289473607300327359...

100 (1/ 2 + 2) = 250

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