A rectangular paper has integer side lengths. Now the paper is folded so that a pair of diagonally opposite vertices coincide. The length of the resulting crease is 65.
Find the perimeter of the paper.
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How did you generate your list of (a,s)? One way would be to recognize pythagorean triples and to write 65 as k ( m 2 + n 2 ) . Is there a different/better way to do this?
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I used the table function on the graphing calculator to check all integers 0 < a < 65. I couldn't think of a better way to do this.
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Ok, just curious if there was a better way to do it than my method ( (s,a,65) forms a pythagorean triple, so 6 5 = k ( m 2 + n 2 ) ⟹ 1 ( 6 4 + 1 ) , 1 ( 4 9 + 1 6 ) , 5 ( 9 + 4 ) , 1 3 ( 4 + 1 ) )
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@John Ross – That's a better method than mine!
Remember 4 2 2 5 comes from 6 5 2 , and 6 5 = 5 × 1 3 , so 6 5 2 = 5 2 × 1 3 2
Also, 5 2 = 3 2 + 4 2 and 1 3 2 = 5 2 + 1 2 2
Let's first substitute 5 2 = 3 2 + 4 2 , we get 6 5 2 = ( 3 2 + 4 2 ) × 1 3 2 = ( 3 × 1 3 ) 2 + ( 4 × 1 3 ) 2
If we substitute 1 3 2 = 5 2 + 1 2 2 instead, we have 6 5 2 = ( 5 × 5 ) 2 + ( 5 × 1 2 ) 2
Now if we substitute both at the same time, we have 6 5 2 = ( 3 2 + 4 2 ) × ( 5 2 + 1 2 2 ) = ( 3 × 5 ) 2 + ( 3 × 1 2 ) 2 + ( 4 × 5 ) 2 + ( 4 × 1 2 ) 2 = [ ( 3 × 5 ) + ( 4 × 1 2 ) ] 2 − 2 ( 3 × 5 ) ( 4 × 1 2 ) + ( 4 × 5 ) 2 + ( 3 × 1 2 ) 2 = [ ( 3 × 5 ) + ( 4 × 1 2 ) ] 2 + [ ( 3 × 1 2 ) − ( 4 × 5 ) ] 2
In the same manner, 6 5 2 = ( 3 × 5 ) 2 + ( 3 × 1 2 ) 2 + ( 4 × 5 ) 2 + ( 4 × 1 2 ) 2 = [ ( 3 × 1 2 ) + ( 4 × 5 ) ] 2 − 2 ( 3 × 1 2 ) ( 4 × 5 ) + ( 3 × 5 ) 2 + ( 4 × 1 2 ) 2 = [ ( 3 × 1 2 ) + ( 4 × 5 ) ] 2 + [ ( 4 × 1 2 ) − ( 3 × 5 ) ] 2
We now express 6 5 2 into 4 different sum of 2 squares, and there are your 8 possibility of a 's
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Let Q , R , S , and T be the vertices of the rectangle, M N be the paper's crease with length 6 5 , P be the intersection of the crease and the paper's diagonal, and M O be perpendicular to S T , as shown below. Also let a and b be the lengths of the paper's two sides Q T and S T respectively, and c be the length of N T .
Since Q reflects on S in crease M N through P , Q P ≅ P S and ∠ S P N ≅ ∠ Q P N . Since P N ≅ P N by the reflexive property, △ S P N ≅ △ Q P N by SAS congruence. Therefore, N Q = N S = b − c , and by Pythagorean's Theorem on △ N T Q , a 2 + c 2 = ( b − c ) 2 . Solving this equation for c gives c = 2 b b 2 − a 2 .
By rotational symmetry, R M = N T , and since R M S O is a rectangle, S O = R M . Therefore, R M = S O = N T = c . Since b = S O + O N + N T , b = O N + 2 c , and so O N = b − 2 c . Since Q M O T is a rectangle, M O = Q T = a . Therefore, by Pythagorean's Theorem on △ M O N , a 2 + ( b − 2 c ) 2 = 6 5 2 .
Substituting c = 2 b b 2 − a 2 into a 2 + ( b − 2 c ) 2 = 6 5 2 gives a 2 + b 2 a 4 = 4 2 2 5 , and solving this equation for b gives b = 4 2 2 5 − a 2 a 2 .
If a and b are integers in the equation b = 4 2 2 5 − a 2 a 2 for a > 0 and b > 0 , then s = 4 2 2 5 − a 2 must be an integer. The only possibilities for ( a , s ) with integer solutions for a > 0 are ( 1 6 , 6 3 ) , ( 2 5 , 6 0 ) , ( 3 3 , 5 6 ) , ( 3 9 , 5 2 ) , ( 5 2 , 3 9 ) , ( 5 6 , 3 3 ) , ( 6 0 , 2 5 ) , and ( 6 3 , 1 6 ) , and out of these possibilities the only resulting integer value for b = s a 2 is ( 6 0 , 2 5 ) , which means a = 6 0 and b = 2 5 6 0 2 = 1 4 4 .
Therefore, the only possible side lengths of the rectangular paper are 6 0 and 1 4 4 , and its perimeter is P = 2 ⋅ 6 0 + 2 ⋅ 1 4 4 = 4 0 8 .