Ordinary problem

S = n = 1 σ 4 ( n ) n 8 S = \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{\sigma_{4}(n)}{n^{8}}

Find π 12 S \dfrac{\pi^{12}}{S} .

Notation : σ x ( n ) \sigma_x(n) denotes the sum of the x th x^\text{th} powers of the positive divisors of n n .

Hint : Use Bernoulli numbers to calculate the value of Riemann Zeta function . .


The answer is 850500.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Apr 19, 2016

A Dirichlet series which involves divisor function is n = 1 σ a ( n ) n s = ζ ( s ) ζ ( s a ) \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sigma_a (n) }{n^s} = \zeta(s) \zeta(s-a) for s > 1 s > 1 , s > a + 1 s > a + 1 . Therefore, S = n = 1 σ 4 ( n ) n 8 = ζ ( 8 ) ζ ( 4 ) \begin{aligned} S & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sigma_4 (n)}{n^8} = \zeta(8) \zeta(4) \end{aligned} , where ζ ( x ) \zeta(x) is the Riemann zeta function.

The relation between Bernoulli numbers B n B_n^* and Riemann zeta function is B n = 2 ( 2 n ) ! ( 2 π ) 2 n ζ ( 2 n ) B_n^* = \dfrac{2(2n)!}{(2\pi)^{2n}} \zeta(2n) , then we have:

ζ ( 2 n ) = ( 2 π ) 2 n 2 ( 2 n ) ! B n ζ ( 4 ) = 2 4 π 4 2 4 ! 1 30 = π 4 90 B 2 = 1 30 ζ ( 8 ) = 2 8 π 4 2 8 ! 1 30 = π 4 9450 B 4 = 1 30 \begin{aligned} \zeta (2n) & = \frac{(2\pi)^{2n}}{2(2n)!}B_n^* \\ \Rightarrow \zeta(4) & = \frac{2^4 \pi^4}{2\cdot{} 4!} \cdot{} \color{#3D99F6}{\frac{1}{30}} = \frac{\pi^4}{90} \quad \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{B_2^* = \frac{1}{30}} \\ \Rightarrow \zeta(8) & = \frac{2^8\pi^4}{2\cdot{} 8!} \cdot{} \color{#3D99F6}{\frac{1}{30}} = \frac{\pi^4}{9450} \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{B_4^* = \frac{1}{30}} \end{aligned}

S = π 8 9450 π 4 90 = π 12 850500 \Rightarrow S = \dfrac{\pi^8} {9450} \cdot{} \dfrac{\pi^4}{90} = \dfrac{\pi^{12}}{850500}

π 12 S = 850500 \Rightarrow \dfrac{\pi^{12}}{S} = \boxed{850500}

Indeed :)) Nice solution , as always :)

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 1 month ago

Well done, Comrade! (+1)

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

Wow!! This is really deep stuff.

Hosam Hajjir - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Purest of NT

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 1 month ago

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I'd like to make a rebuttal on that though. ANT seems to me more like a combination of NT, Calculus, Algebra and some other smaller topics.

Julian Poon - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@Julian Poon Yes I agree with you ...

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member What about pure "analytic number theory", Comrade?

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

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@Otto Bretscher Yes ! That's true...

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 1 month ago

Incredible, would have never solved this, unless, maybe, I studied and learned how to

Esteban Garzon Lerma - 5 years, 1 month ago
Sal Gard
Apr 27, 2016

By Dirichlet convolution, the divisor function of the ath powers is the convolution of n^a and the identity. Since a=4, our convolution is n^4 and n^8. Hence the sum is zeta(4)zeta(8), which as like Chew-Seong Cheong said is pi^12/850500. Hence the answer is 850500.

Moderator note:

Good recognition that for multiplicative functions, the Dirichlet convolution could help simplify the expression.

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