Oscillating disk under action of point source of light.

Consider a disk of radius R R and mass m m , which is hanging in air due to the balancing of its weight by the force on it due to a point source of light having power P P kept on its axis at a distance h h from its center as shown:

Now, the disk is translated up through a small distance and released. Derive an expression for the time period of its oscillations in terms of h h and R R . Find the value of the time period in seconds \text{seconds} for h = 2 h = 2 meters , R = 1 R = 1 meters. Take the value of g g as 9.8 m / s 2 9.8 m/s^2

Assume that the disk is perfectly reflecting.


The answer is 2.244.

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1 solution

Anish Puthuraya
Jul 2, 2014

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Consider a thin ring of radius x \displaystyle x , at an angle θ \displaystyle \theta from the point source.

tan θ = x h ( 1 ) \tan\theta = \frac{x}{h} --- (1)

Now, let us find the intensity of light at this distance x \displaystyle x .

I = P 4 π ( h sec θ ) 2 I = \frac{P}{4\pi (h\sec\theta)^2}

The differential area of the thin ring is,

d A = 2 π x d x dA = 2\pi xdx

Also, the change in momentum of the light, after reflecting from the disk, is,

Δ p = 2 p cos θ = 2 h λ cos θ ( 2 ) \Delta p = 2p\cos\theta = 2\frac{h}{\lambda}\cos\theta --- (2)

The number of photons striking the disk per unit time is,

η = I d A cos θ h c λ ( 3 ) \eta = \frac{I\cdot dA\cos\theta}{\frac{hc}{\lambda}} --- (3)

Using ( 2 ) \displaystyle (2) and ( 3 ) \displaystyle (3) , the differential force on the thin ring is,

d F = Δ p × η = P x cos 4 θ c h 2 d x dF = \Delta p\times\eta = \frac{Px\cos^4\theta}{ch^2}dx

Using ( 1 ) \displaystyle (1) ,

d F = P sin θ cos θ c d θ dF = \frac{P\sin\theta\cos\theta}{c}d\theta

Integrating with appropriate limits,

F = P R 2 2 c ( R 2 + h 2 ) F = \frac{PR^2}{2c(R^2+h^2)}

For equilibrium,

F = m g ( 4 ) F = mg --- (4)

Now, to find the time period, let us displace the disk by a small distance d x \displaystyle dx

F n e t = F m g F_{net} = F - mg

d F n e t d x = d F d x = P R 2 h c ( R 2 + h 2 ) 2 \frac{dF_{net}}{dx} = \frac{dF}{dx} = \frac{-PR^2h}{c(R^2+h^2)^2}

Thus,

T = 2 π P R 2 h m c ( R 2 + h 2 ) 2 T = \frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{\frac{PR^2h}{mc(R^2+h^2)^2}}}

Substituting for m \displaystyle m using ( 4 ) \displaystyle (4) , we get,

T = 2 π R 2 + h 2 2 g h T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{R^2+h^2}{2gh}}

Substituting the values provided,

T = 2.244 sec \boxed{T = 2.244\text{sec}}

Well Done!

jatin yadav - 6 years, 11 months ago

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Is there any other easier method to solve this problem?

Anish Puthuraya - 6 years, 11 months ago

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Well, I guess this one is quite easy!

jatin yadav - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Jatin Yadav Yeah, but the rating doesn't think so

Beakal Tiliksew - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Beakal Tiliksew I never like the rating system. Sometimes quite difficult problems such as Rotating Rod in Magnetic Field , A charge oscillating above a charged square plate have low ratings. On the other hand, you might see some simple problems by staff with level 5 ratings such as Folding a charged Triangle , Faraday's Drawings , etc. that have high ratings.

jatin yadav - 6 years, 11 months ago

@Beakal Tiliksew Yes, I agree that this problem doesn't deserve such a high rating. But, I think it should about 2050, or so.

jatin yadav - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Jatin Yadav The rating system of brilliant was actually adopted from chess, so after initial rating in is mostly dependent on the number of solvers.

Ps a rating of 2200, and above means u are a chess grandmaster.

Beakal Tiliksew - 6 years, 11 months ago

Nice solution and a nice diagram ¨ \ddot\smile

Karthik Kannan - 6 years, 11 months ago

but for intensity he has taken a sphere of radius hsecx according to me it must be a hemisphere of radius hsecx so that the area becomes half of that taken.

Ritesh Yadav - 6 years, 11 months ago

Nice solution, Anish !

Sudeep Salgia - 6 years, 11 months ago

Nice solution well explained

Mardokay Mosazghi - 6 years, 11 months ago

sorry one question, i don't understand how you got what you did when you combined (2) and (3), shouldn't the h's cancel out?

Jord W - 6 years, 11 months ago

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Its really confusing, I know. But, if you notice carefully, there are two h's in the problem...One is the Plank's Constant and the other is the height. So, the h's that cancel out are the Plank's constants...And the h 2 h^2 in the denominator comes from substituting the value of I I in ( 3 ) (3)

Anish Puthuraya - 6 years, 11 months ago

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oh! thanks, and awesome job, i would never have gotten this one

Jord W - 6 years, 11 months ago

dammit couldnt get it right .substituted for r and h a bit earlier

huge wolverine - 6 years, 10 months ago

can be solved by energy too.... :p

akash omble - 6 years, 8 months ago

Nice Problem !

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 4 months ago

Can anyone pls explain relation 3

Ashutosh Sharma - 3 years, 5 months ago

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