Partially Accepting

Calculus Level 5

lim n ( 1 / 1 4 1 4 + 1 / 1 4 + 1 / 2 4 2 4 + + 1 / 1 4 + 1 / 2 4 + 1 / 3 4 + + 1 / n 4 n 4 ) \large\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(\frac{1/1^4}{1^4} + \frac{1/1^4 + 1/2^4}{2^4} + \ldots +\frac{1/1^4+1/2^4+1/3^4+\ldots+1/n^4}{n^4}\right)

Given the limit above is equal to a b π c \frac ab \pi^c for positive integers a , b , c a,b,c with a a and b b coprime, find the value of a + b + c a+b+c .

Details and Assumptions :

  • You are given that k = 1 1 k 2 n = ( 1 ) n + 1 B 2 n ( 2 π ) 2 n 2 ( 2 n ) ! \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac1{k^{2n}} = (-1)^{n+1} \frac{B_{2n} \cdot (2\pi)^{2n}}{2(2n)!} where B n B_n is the Bernoulli numbers.

  • You may use the following values: B 0 = 1 , B 2 = 1 6 , B 4 = 1 30 , B 6 = 1 42 , B 8 = 1 30 B_0 = 1, B_2 = \frac16, B_4 = -\frac1{30}, B_6 = \frac1{42}, B_8 = -\frac1{30} .

Bonus : Generalize this.


The answer is 113421.

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1 solution

Kartik Sharma
Jul 9, 2015

So, the problem is actually -

i = 1 ( 1 i 4 k = 1 i 1 k 4 ) \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}{\left(\frac{1}{{i}^{4}}\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{i}{\frac{1}{{k}^{4}}}\right)}

Well, that looks easy now, right? Well, yeah.

We are going to transform the sum such that it becomes easy for us to compute.

n = 1 τ ( n ) 2 n 4 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\left \lfloor \frac{\tau(n)}{2} \right \rfloor}{{n}^{4}}}

where τ ( n ) \tau(n) is the divisor function .

You may see how that might have come. It came out, however, because we are multiplying two numbers whatsoever to get a new number and then summing all. So, the number of divisors a number has and the number of times it will come out in the sum would be just half. Also, that is not the case with squares where number of divisors is odd.

So, after we have got why and how that is so, it is easy to remove that floor(since we(more specifically I) don't know how to compute directly from the floor function).

1 2 n = 1 τ ( n ) n 4 + 1 2 n = 1 1 ( n 2 ) 4 \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\tau(n)}{{n}^{4}}} + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{{({n}^{2})}^{4}}}

The first sum can be written as n = 1 1 n 4 ( p = 1 1 p 4 ) = ζ ( 4 ) 2 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{{n}^{4}} \left(\sum_{p=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{{p}^{4}}} \right)} = {\zeta(4)}^{2}

And the second of course becomes ζ ( 8 ) \zeta(8) .

So, our total sum becomes - 1 2 ( ζ ( 4 ) 2 + ζ ( 8 ) ) \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \left ({\zeta(4)}^{2} + \zeta(8)\right)

= 13 π 8 113400 \displaystyle = \frac{13 {\pi}^{8}}{113400}

For the bonus it can be generalised to:

i = 1 ( 1 i a k = 1 i 1 k a ) = ζ ( a ) 2 + ζ ( 2 a ) 2 \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}{\left(\frac{1}{{i}^{a}}\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{i}{\frac{1}{{k}^{a}}}\right)}=\frac{\zeta(a)^2+\zeta(2a)}{2}

Isaac Buckley - 5 years, 11 months ago

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Well, that just becomes so obvious, I think after this. But yeah, a nice generalization.

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 11 months ago

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Yes it does. I just thought I'd point it out anyway.

Also with: 1 2 n = 1 τ ( n ) n 4 1 2 n = 1 1 ( n 2 ) 4 \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\tau(n)}{{n}^{4}}} - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{{({n}^{2})}^{4}}}

Did you mean: 1 2 n = 1 τ ( n ) n 4 + 1 2 n = 1 1 ( n 2 ) 4 \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\tau(n)}{{n}^{4}}} + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{{({n}^{2})}^{4}}} ?

Isaac Buckley - 5 years, 11 months ago

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@Isaac Buckley Thanks for noting that typo. Edited!

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 11 months ago

Oh haha, I didn't know you have posted a solution! Thumbs up +1

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 6 months ago

that is easy

Nahom Assefa - 2 years, 6 months ago

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