Pawn promotion puzzlement

Logic Level 2

White is about to advance a pawn to the last row and promote it. If White picks the wrong promotion, Black can force a draw by stalemate.

Which piece should White promote the pawn to?

Queen Knight Black can force a stalemate no matter how the piece is promoted

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15 solutions

Matin Naseri
May 6, 2018

Relevant wiki: Chess Puzzles

Moderator note:

While rare, underpromotion can come up in actual play. The Lasker Trap, for instance, has an underpromotion on the seventh move of the game:

Sequence of moves (External link to Wikipedia)

Simple, yet effective.

Morgan Lunn - 3 years, 1 month ago

Easier than the Basic Problems of the Week haha

Simon The Great - 3 years, 1 month ago

do you get one extra chance when you promote the pawn - if no then this solution is wrong - if yes then nice :D

Yash Kothari - 3 years, 1 month ago

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You don't get an extra chance when you promote the pawn but this solution is still correct....Go read the rules of chess

Cccc Ccc - 3 years, 1 month ago

I think you may have missed that black moved a pawn on the left side of the board after white promoted. Easily missable if you are concentrating on the right side movements of the animation.

Kunal Kantaria - 3 years, 1 month ago

The black pawn on A5 moved to A4 after the white pawn was promoted to a knight. I assume you didn't notice that.

Simon The Great - 3 years, 1 month ago

After white move, black should move first (e5-e4 is the only move), and only then white can move the knight to checkmate the king. In you animation, it seems that you forgot black's move.

Wisnu OPS - 3 years, 1 month ago

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In the problem there weren't any details that show black pieces moving in chessboard thus I igonred from the moves of black pieces.

When I was solved this problem, this noticed that black pieces don't move.

Before that staff posted that as the problem of the week edited by Brilliant staff and forgot that noticed it into problem.

But I have edited my solution into the viewer neediness.

Also the only move of black is not very effective thus we can taking a shortcut and ignoring it.

Matin Naseri - 3 years, 1 month ago

Brilliant demo Martin, 👏👏👏

Abhinav Chowdhary - 3 years, 1 month ago

Can't Black xg6 to get out of check?

Joseph Harris - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Black’s pawn advancement is downwards. xg6 requires backward movement, which is not allowed.

Kunal Kantaria - 3 years, 1 month ago

Isn't the white king already in check? Wouldn't any move of the pawn result in a loss of the white king?

Benjamin Mellott - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Black is moving toward to bottom of your screen. So no, white is not in check.

A Former Brilliant Member - 3 years, 1 month ago

And no, you cannot lose your king. If white were in check the pawn could not be moved.

Nicholas Yager - 3 years ago

How did u make this GIF????

erica phillips - 3 years, 1 month ago

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With two applications in Android.

You can download them from app store.

Gif maker-Gif editor(Kayak studio is the publisher). , Master chess 2018 (Kenpota is the publisher)

Matin Naseri - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks a lot!!!

erica phillips - 3 years ago

How did you get all those black pawns in the same file (column)? Al T

Al Taranto - 3 years ago

Relevant wiki: Chess Puzzles - Reduced Games

If white promotes his pawn into a knight , only then can he immediately move 2 steps down and 1 step right to checkmate the king just in time (white only has one move to checkmate because black can move his last pawn down to make it into a stalemate).

Any other piece will not be able to checkmate the opponent in a single move. Therefore white should turn his pawn into a KNIGHT .

But isn’t this move impossible as the White king is being threatened by a black pawn? I thought you have to save the king above all.

Anagha Varma - 3 years, 1 month ago

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@Anagha Varma The white king is not being attacked by any of the black pawns. The black pawns can only move forwards(or diagonally forwards) but the white king is behind or on the same line as the black pawns.

Chandrashekar Giridharan - 3 years, 1 month ago

But would the pawn just eliminate the white knight.

Guot Lual - 3 years, 1 month ago
Thomas Raffill
Apr 24, 2018

When White's pawn reaches the last row, if White promotes it to a queen, Black will play his last remaining pawn move on the left edge. After that, no matter what move White plays, it is a draw by stalemate.

The same thing happens if White promotes the pawn to a bishop or a rook. There is no way to avoid stalemate.

The "ah-ha" moment comes when White remembers the special power of a knight to jump over obstacles. White advances the pawn to the last row and promotes it to a knight. Black plays the last pawn move on the left edge. Now, White's knight hops two squares down and one to the right, checkmating Black's king just in time.

But why would it be stalemate otherwise? The black king could still move - albeit into check. Is that not considered a legal move? (I am not too firm on the rules, as you might notice...)

Mathias de Riese - 3 years, 1 month ago

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The king cannot move into check.

Wenyuan Bao - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Unless I'm missing something, the King doesn't need to move in check. If the original white queen moves to G4 after the promotion then the king can move to take the queen (and not into check). Then the 2nd queen can force a checkmate in 2 moves.

Giles Bartlett - 3 years, 1 month ago

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@Giles Bartlett The queen cannot move into g4.

Sean Matthew Tan - 3 years, 1 month ago

I think that there's a solution for queen promotion as well in which the original queen has to be sacrificed to G4. It takes more moves and is more risky but I think it works with black unable to force a stalemate.

Giles Bartlett - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Standard notation goes a-h from left to right, and in that notation you are probably thinking of b4. But before White has time to move the queen there, Black's pawn will advance to a4, from where it won't be able to take the queen on b4. So, it's still stalemate.

Thomas Raffill - 3 years, 1 month ago

Bill Weihmiller
May 6, 2018
  1. f8N a4 2. Ng6#
Inksa Inkeroinen
May 6, 2018
  1. f8N a4 Black has no other moves left. Therefore, white has to only check black king to make checkmate. So, 2. Ng6#

If white promotes to any other piece, he has no checkmating move after it. Black cannot move anything, so it's stalemate! So, the answer is, white has to promote to K n i g h t \boxed{Knight}

The question doesn't say White has to checkmate in one move. I think Queen promotion (followed by original queen to G4) can also result in a White win without Black being able to force stalemate.

Giles Bartlett - 3 years, 1 month ago

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No, it's stalemate after 1. f8Q a4 2. Q to anywhere (or anything else), because black cannot move after that.

Inksa Inkeroinen - 3 years, 1 month ago
Imagine Motayne
May 10, 2018

Once we comprehend where the piece is now, we must try to guess what must happen if we choose what. If we were to choose queen, we would go down, eliminate the nearby pawn, then black's king would retrieve our queen. Knight, however, would go straight behind the pawn the queen would've eliminated. In this position, the black king must move; however if it were to go down, the white pawn would retrieve the black king. The game is now in checkmate and the knight was the correct choice.

Vincent Tran
May 7, 2018

We know that that the black king is trapped by its own pawns. The white pawn blocks it's only move.
We also know the only move black can make is moving pawn on a5 to a4, so we have to force a check or it is a stalemate.
We can see promoting to a queen does not work as it can't force check in any of the squares.

However a knight can force check by 8f to 6g. Checkmate!

Michael Scalisi
May 6, 2018

If white promotes to a queen black can push the a5 pawn to a4 and then it's a stale mate but if white promotes to a knight on his next turn after black pushes a4, white can go knight to g7 and then it's checkmate.

Patrick Leugers
May 12, 2018

Honestly, guessing would be your best bet to figure this one out: choose a piece, wait until black makes their move, and check which move(s), if any, will result in checkmate. Given that information, can you figure it out? If not, just look at the answer in the next post...

Shahzaib Khan
May 10, 2018

If white promotes his pawn into a knight, then can he instantaneously move the knight 2 squares down and 1 square right to checkmate the king. This would be a perfect move as white has a final move to checkmate as black can move his last pawn to produce a stalemate. No other piece would be able to produce a stalemate, therefore a KNIGHT should be the piece to be promoted to.

Paul Bates
May 9, 2018

This is probably not in the sprit of problem solving but here goes anyway:

There are three possible answers, we know the third option is incorrect because the question says black can force a draw IF white picks the wrong piece, implying that IF white picks the correct piece black cannot force a draw.

That leaves two options, queen or knight. I am not a chess player but I would think a queen would normally be the best choice as it can duplicate the moves of everything else except the knight.

If Queen was the correct answer this would be quite an uninteresting problem, and so by this logic Knight is the answer.

You're right. A staff editor for brilliant.org simplified the problem (my original version had bishop and rook also as options, and didn't have the conditional language about forcing a draw).

There are actually positions where bishop or rook is the right choice. Maybe I should post a few more of these.

Thomas Raffill - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Bishop and rook would have been better options. Also, if bishop or rook can sometimes be a better choice than a queen then the logic I used to answer this question is false.

Paul Bates - 3 years ago

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The flaw in the logic of "queen duplicates rook and bishop and so is better than them" is again the possibility of stalemate. It's not always true that the more squares you control, the better.

Thomas Raffill - 3 years ago
Sean Matthew Tan
May 9, 2018

Keep in mind that the pawn on G2 is stopping the king and all 4 pawns cold. Hence, we must promote to a piece that can check Black from the promotion square for checkmate, as otherwise Black forces a stalemate with its only move a4.

If White does f8Q, Black is forced to do a4, then White cannot check Black in any way. Hence, you can’t use a queen.

The rook and bishop are just limited queens, and they don’t work for the same reasons.

If White does f8N, Black is forced to do a4, then White CAN check Black by playing Ng6 (only winning move). The check is checkmate, hence White wins.

Stewart Gordon
May 8, 2018

If it were Black's move, she would have only one legal move: ...a4. Nothing White can do can give Black any other legal move. Neither can anything White does for his second move give Black a legal move. As such, White must deliver checkmate at this move.

And White can do this, by promoting the pawn to a knight , as follows:

  1. f8=N a4
  2. Ng6#
Half-god Dragon
May 8, 2018

Knight, so it can jump the barricade and force king into checkmate. TAKE THAT

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