Powers of sin and cos

Geometry Level 2

81 sin 2 x + 81 cos 2 x = 30 {81}^{\sin^2x} + {81}^{\cos^2x} = 30

There are two positive values of sin x \sin x that satisfy the equation above. Submit the smaller positive value of sin x . \sin x .


The answer is 0.5.

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2 solutions

Tom Engelsman
Apr 26, 2021

Let us rewrite the above equation as:

8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 1 s i n 2 x = 8 1 sin 2 x + 81 8 1 s i n 2 x = 30 \Large 81^{\sin^{2}x} + 81^{1-sin^{2}x} = 81^{\sin^{2}x} + \frac{81}{81^{sin^{2}x}} = 30 .

Let u = 8 1 s i n 2 x u = 81^{sin^{2}x} so that we obtain the quadratic equation u + 81 u = 30 u 2 30 u + 81 = 0 ( u 3 ) ( u 27 ) = 0 u = 3 , 27 u + \frac{81}{u} = 30 \Rightarrow u^2 - 30u + 81=0 \Rightarrow (u-3)(u-27) = 0 \Rightarrow u = 3, 27 . Now if 8 1 s i n 2 x = 3 4 sin 2 x = 3 , 27 sin 2 x = 1 4 , 3 4 sin ( x ) = 1 2 , 3 2 . 81^{sin^{2}x} = 3^{4\sin^{2}x} = 3, 27 \Rightarrow \sin^{2}x = \frac{1}{4}, \frac{3}{4} \Rightarrow \sin(x) = \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}. Since 1 2 < 3 2 , \frac{1}{2} < \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, the answer is 1 2 . \boxed{\frac{1}{2}}.

Nice solution! I did the problem much the same way.

Note : Since sin 2 x \sin^2 x can have two positive values ( 1 4 , 3 4 ) \left( \frac{1}{4}, \frac{3}{4} \right) , we get four real values for sin x \sin x : ± 1 2 , ± 3 2 \pm \frac{1}{2}, \pm \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} . All four are valid solutions of the original equation.

Matthew Feig - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

This same equation with a different question came in NSEJS exam which I gave! Nice solution!

Vinayak Srivastava - 1 month, 2 weeks ago
Agent T
Apr 27, 2021

Step 1 : Stare at the equation for 30 seconds.

8 1 s i n 2 x + 8 1 c o s 2 x = 30 \boxed{81^{sin^{2}x}+81^{cos^{2}x}=30}

Step 2 : notice that both 30 and 81(i.e. 3 4 3^{4} ) are related to each other (factors of three).

Step 3 : re-write the equation as:

3 4 s i n 2 x + 3 4 c o s 2 x = 30 \boxed{3^{4sin^{2}x}+3^{4cos^{2}x}=30}

Step 4 : let ☆ be 4 s i n 2 x 4sin^{2}x and ✿ be 4 c o s 2 x 4cos^{2}x


And re-write the equation as:

3 + 3 = 30 \boxed{3^{☆}+3^{✿}=30}

Step 4.99 : just by looking at it we can conclude that either ☆=3 ,✿=1 or vice versa

as 3 3 + 3 1 = 30 \boxed{3^3+3^1=30} = 27 + 3 27+3 =30

Or

3 1 + 3 3 = 30 \boxed{3^1+3^3=30} =3+27=30

Step 5 : bringing back sin and cos

If 4 s i n 2 x = 3 4sin^{2}x=3 ,then principal value of sin x will be sin 60° (i.e. 3 2 \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} ) and cosx will cos 30°(I.e. 1 2 \dfrac{1}{2} )

If 4 s i n 2 x = 1 4sin^{2}x=1 then principal value of sinx will be sin 30°(I.e. 1 2 \dfrac{1}{2} ) and cos x will be cos 60°(I.e. 3 2 \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} ) Hence the minimum value of sinx =sin30°(I.e. 1 2 \dfrac{1}{2} ) =0.5


Note that we are neglecting the negative values of sinx and cosx as we are required to find the minimum value and negative values of sinx lies in third and fourth quadrants which will definitely be greater than 30°.


Hence 0.5 \textcolor{#3D99F6}{0.5} is the answer!

Boom!

I literally did it in two lines but the explanation took a lot :P

Agent T - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

Yes that’s kind of how I did it. I saw that 30=27+3 which are both powers of 81 so sin^2 x = 1/4 or sin x = 1/2

Richard Costen - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

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Cool!


Agent T - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

thanks but could this problem be solved with a log?

Delbert McCullum - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

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Hmm.. interesting....lemme think

Agent T - 1 month, 2 weeks ago

Both step 1 and the term 'step 4.99' made me giggle. You have nice sense of humour

Omek K - 1 month, 1 week ago

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Thank you! Please vote for me in the upcoming elections.

Agent T - 1 month, 1 week ago

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I am not 18 yet

Omek K - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Omek K https://youtu.be/PC0cmzNWkpI

Agent T - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Agent T Just kidding. : D, my first thoughts were that you were going to rickroll me with that link

Omek K - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Omek K Even my first thought was that but then I changed my mind :P

Agent T - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Agent T Lol, anyway have a nice day, Thank you :)

Omek K - 1 month, 1 week ago

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@Omek K You're welcome and you too have a wonderful day! :)

Agent T - 1 month, 1 week ago

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