Isn't it just ten?

Geometry Level 3

sin 1 [ sin ( 10 ) ] = ? \large \color{#69047E}{\sin^{-1}} \left [ \color{#3D99F6} {\sin} (\color{#20A900}{10}) \right ] = \, \color{#624F41}?

3 π 10 3\pi-10 10 3 π 10-3\pi 10 10 3 π + 10 3\pi+10

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5 solutions

Archit Boobna
Mar 30, 2015

sin 1 ( x ) \sin ^{ -1 }{ \left( x \right) } lies in the range π 2 t o π 2 -\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \quad to\quad \frac { \pi }{ 2 } \quad only. W e n e e d t o b r i n g sin ( 10 ) i n t h e f o r m sin ( k ) w h e r e k l i e s b e t w e e n π 2 a n d π 2 . sin ( x ) = sin ( x ) S o sin ( 10 ) = sin ( 10 ) ( 1 ) B y u s i n g sin ( a + b ) , w e c a n s h o w t h a t sin ( x + ( 2 n + 1 ) π ) = sin ( x ) S o sin ( 10 + 3 π ) = sin ( 10 ) ( 2 ) U s i n g ( 1 ) a n d ( 2 ) sin ( 10 ) = sin ( 10 + 3 π ) = sin ( 3 π 10 ) H e r e : 3 π 10 l i e s i n t h e r a n g e o f sin 1 ( x ) . S o sin 1 [ sin ( 10 ) ] = 3 π 10 \\ We\quad need\quad to\quad bring\quad \sin { \left( 10 \right) } \quad in\quad the\quad form\quad \sin { \left( k \right) } \\ where\quad k\quad lies\quad between\quad -\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \quad and\quad \frac { \pi }{ 2 } .\\ \\ \\ \sin { \left( -x \right) } =-\sin { \left( x \right) } \\ So\quad \sin { \left( 10 \right) } =-\sin { \left( -10 \right) } \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \left( 1 \right) \\ By\quad using\quad \sin { \left( a+b \right) } ,\quad we\quad can\quad show\quad that\\ \sin { \left( x+\left( 2n+1 \right) \pi \right) } =-\sin { \left( x \right) } \\ So\quad \sin { \left( -10+3\pi \right) } =-\sin { \left( -10 \right) } \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \quad \left( 2 \right) \qquad \\ Using\quad \left( 1 \right) \quad and\quad \left( 2 \right) \\ \sin { \left( 10 \right) } =\sin { \left( -10+3\pi \right) } =\sin { \left( 3\pi -10 \right) } \\ \\ Here:\quad 3\pi -10\quad lies\quad in\quad the\quad range\quad of\quad \sin ^{ -1 }{ \left( x \right) } .\\ \\ So\quad \sin ^{ -1 }{ \left[ \sin { \left( 10 \right) } \right] } \\ =\boxed { 3\pi -10 }

This is just half wrong, we know exactly that 10 ist also a valid answer.

Limanan Nursalim - 6 years, 2 months ago

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No it is not, all functions give only one definite output. In this case it should be between -pi/2 and pi/2

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Thanks. I forgot about that

Limanan Nursalim - 6 years, 2 months ago

The angle is always taken in radians unless mentioned otherwise. Thus, the angle - 10 is in radians, which requires processing as in Archit's solution.

Hem Shailabh Sahu - 6 years, 2 months ago

Why can't the 10 be in degrees and not radians?

Ilan Amity - 5 years, 7 months ago

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By default, it is measured in radians, unless otherwise specified. Just a standard for math.

Whitney Clark - 5 years, 7 months ago

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Absolutely not true. Which default?

Max Colla - 5 years, 6 months ago

Lawl. This question's rating dropped from 100 points to 55 points in 15 minutes :D. Good solution. BTW, Aren't you Akshat's brother?

Krishna Ar - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Yes, I am. Can you tell me more about yourself, and how you know my brother?

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

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I don't think I have a special identity like your brother! I mean he's really talented and has so many accolades to his name. You're following his footsteps for sure because you're 2 years younger to me and are still a level 5 in calculus whereas I ain't! How did you learn so much? :P

Krishna Ar - 6 years, 2 months ago

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@Krishna Ar I go to FIITJEE, and I just spend some time on the internet on websites like brilliant.

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

In your solution, sin(x+(2n+1)π) = -sin(x), how did you know that n should be 1?

André Cabatingan - 6 years, 2 months ago

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I chose a value of n such that -10+(2n+1)π lies between -pi/2 and pi/2

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Beetween -Pi/2 and pi/2 is also same as pi, right? Minus here as different direction. And how do you know that the value is between them if i was wrong?

Hafizh Ahsan Permana - 6 years, 2 months ago

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@Hafizh Ahsan Permana Yes you were right when you said that -pi/2 has a different direction. But to inverse trigo functions , a fundamental domain has been provided which contains all possible values of the function.

All possible values of sinx can lie between domain -pi/2 and pi/2

So, this fundamental range for sin inverse is from -pi/2 and pi/2.

It could have been between 0 and pi, but it is the way it is.

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

Archit, when you say range, do you mean domain? (x-values)

Dylan Scupin-Dursema - 6 years, 2 months ago

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No, I mean range only, because this is sin inverse not sin.

The domain of sin inverse x is [-1,1]

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 1 month ago

Doesnt 10 radians put you at the same point on a circle as 3pi-10?

Glen Mast - 5 years, 7 months ago

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Yes, but the inverse sin function has output between plus-or-minus pi/2 only. Ten is not in that range.

Whitney Clark - 5 years, 7 months ago

yeah sure dude

Ratnesh Pandey - 5 years, 2 months ago

the answer actually 10

Mohammad Ahmed - 6 years, 2 months ago

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no the answer is correct i.e 3pi-10

Rudraksh Sisodia - 5 years, 2 months ago
Otto Bretscher
Apr 4, 2015

Recall that sin x = ( 1 ) k sin ( x k π ) \sin{x} = (-1)^k\sin({x}-k\pi) for all integers k k . Applying the odd function arcsin \arcsin on both sides, we find that arcsin ( sin x ) = ( 1 ) k arcsin ( sin ( x k π ) ) \arcsin(\sin{x}) = (-1)^k\arcsin(\sin({x}-k\pi)) . For x = 10 x=10 we choose k = 3 k=3 so that x k π x-k\pi falls in the interval [ π / 2 , π / 2 ] [-\pi/2,\pi/2] . Now arcsin ( sin 10 ) = ( 1 ) 3 arcsin ( sin ( 10 3 π ) ) = ( 10 3 π ) = 3 π 10 \arcsin(\sin{10}) = (-1)^3\arcsin(\sin({10}-3\pi))=-(10-3\pi)=3\pi-10 .

In general, we have the formula arcsin ( sin x ) = ( 1 ) k ( x k π ) \arcsin(\sin{x}) = (-1)^k(x-k\pi) , where k k is the floor of x + π / 2 π \frac{x+\pi/2}{\pi} .

Deepak Kumar
Mar 30, 2015

use graph of sin^-1(sinx)

Curtis Clement
Apr 4, 2015

If k represents any integer then: s i n x = s i n ( ( 2 k + 1 ) π x ) sinx = sin((2k+1)\pi - x) s i n 1 [ s i n ( 10 ) ] = s i n 1 [ s i n ( 3 π 10 ) ] = 3 π 10 \therefore\ sin^{-1} [sin(10)] = sin^{-1} [sin(3\pi - 10)] = 3\pi -10

I'm not familiar with this solution. It looks like trial-and-error for me. Could you please elaborate more on this?

Ferriel Melarpis - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Actually I realized that I've made a slight error that I'll change. s i n x = s i n ( ( 2 k + 1 ) π x ) sinx = sin( (2k+1)\pi -x ) because s i n x = s i n ( π x ) sinx = sin(\pi - x) which can be observed form the graph of sinx or proved using compound angle formulae or the unit circle from which the trigonmetric functions are defined. Now let π x = u \pi - x = u such that: s i n ( u ) = s i n ( 2 k π + u ) sin (u) = sin (2k\pi + u) which is true as the period of the function is 2 π 2 \pi . Substituting the value of u gives the required result.

Curtis Clement - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Now I get it thanks for the clarifications :)

Ferriel Melarpis - 6 years, 1 month ago

how do you get sin(3*pi -10) in place of sin(2k+1)? can you explain it for clarification

Syed Hissaan - 4 years, 5 months ago
Ahmad Khamis
Aug 28, 2015

arcsin ( sin 10 ) \arcsin( \sin 10)

= arcsin ( sin ( 10 2 π ) ) \arcsin (\sin (10- 2\pi))

= arcsin ( sin ( π ( 10 2 π ) ) \arcsin (\sin (\pi - (10 - 2\pi))

= a r c s i n ( sin ( 3 π 10 ) ) arcsin (\sin(3\pi - 10))

= 3 π 10 3\pi - 10 since π 2 3 π 10 π 2 \frac{-\pi}{2} \leq 3\pi - 10 \leq \frac{\pi}{2}

Moderator note:

Is there a clearer way to proceed? It seems to me that you are just "guessing" until you find a value which satisfies (\frac{-\pi}{2} \leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}).

What would be the general solution to arcsin ( sin θ ) \arcsin ( \sin \theta ) ?

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