Ramanujan-Diophantus

17 R + 29 D = 1729 \large 17R + 29D = 1729

Let ( R 1 , D 1 ) , ( R 2 , D 2 ) , , ( R n , D n ) (R_1, D_1), (R_2, D_2) , \ldots , (R_n, D_n) be the positive integer pair of roots to the equation above. Find the value of i = 1 n ( R i + D i ) \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n (R_i + D_i) .


The answer is 332.

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3 solutions

Adarsh Kumar
Jun 13, 2015

Consider ( m o d 17 ) \pmod{17} ,then 0 + 12 D 12 ( m o d 17 ) D 1 ( m o d 17 ) D = 17 X + 1 [ X Z + + 0 ] 17 R + 17 29 X = 1700 R + 29 X = 100 0+12D\equiv 12 \pmod{17}\\ \Longrightarrow D\equiv 1\pmod{17}\\ \Longrightarrow D=17X+1\ \ \ \ \ [X \in \mathbb{Z}^{+} + {0}]\\ \Longrightarrow 17R+17*29X=1700\\ \Longrightarrow R+29X=100 ,from here one can easily find the solutions as 29 4 > 100 29*4>100 ,so one has to check only from 0 3 0-3 .

Moderator note:

Simple straightforward solution.

Nice solution. I knew that you would post a solution to this problem too since you did that 2012 wala prob very nicely. Upvoted. :)

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years ago

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Hehe thanx!But which 2012 wala question?

Adarsh Kumar - 6 years ago

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That one posted by Parth Lohomi something 20x+12y=2012 ..

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years ago

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@Nihar Mahajan Ah ok!Come on gmail please!

Adarsh Kumar - 6 years ago
Nihar Mahajan
Jun 12, 2015

Though Adarsh has posted the elegant method , this one is for the ones who have just started deciphering Diophantine equations :).

Since g c d ( 17 , 29 ) = 1 gcd(17,29) = 1 and 1 1729 1 | 1729 , there are integral solutions possible for this equation.

We use the Euclidean Algorithm :

1 = 5 2 ( 2 ) 1 = 5 2 ( 12 5 ( 2 ) ) 1 = 5 ( 5 ) 2 ( 12 ) 1 = 5 ( 17 12 ) 2 ( 12 ) 1 = 5 ( 17 ) 7 ( 12 ) 1 = 5 ( 17 ) 7 ( 29 17 ) 1 = 12 ( 17 ) 7 ( 29 ) 1729 = 20748 ( 17 ) 12103 ( 29 ) 1 = 5-2(2) \\\Rightarrow 1=5-2(12-5(2)) \\\Rightarrow 1= 5(5)-2(12) \\ \Rightarrow 1=5(17-12) - 2(12) \\\Rightarrow 1= 5(17) - 7(12) \\\Rightarrow 1=5(17) - 7(29-17) \\\Rightarrow 1=12(17) - 7(29) \\ \Rightarrow 1729 = 20748(17) - 12103(29)

So we have the following solutions :

R = 20748 29 δ , D = 12103 + 17 δ , δ Z R=20748-29\delta \ , \ D=-12103+17\delta \ , \ \forall \delta \in \mathbb{Z}

Since we want positive integer solutions ,

20748 29 δ > 0 , 12103 + 17 δ > 0 δ < 20748 29 715.4 , δ > 12103 17 711.9 δ { 712 , 713 , 714 , 715 } 20748-29\delta > 0 \ , \ -12103+17\delta>0 \\ \delta<\dfrac{20748}{29} \approx 715.4 \ , \ \delta>\dfrac{12103}{17} \approx 711.9 \\ \Rightarrow \delta \in \{712,713,714,715\}

When δ = 712 \delta=712 we have a pair ( 100 , 1 ) (100,1) .

When δ = 713 \delta=713 we have a pair ( 71 , 18 ) (71,18) .

When δ = 714 \delta=714 we have a pair ( 42 , 35 ) (42,35) .

When δ = 715 \delta=715 we have a pair ( 13 , 52 ) (13,52) .

Hence required sum = 100 + 1 + 71 + 18 + 42 + 35 + 13 + 52 = 332 =100+1+71+18+42+35+13+52 = \Large\boxed{332}

Credits to Pi Han Goh for spotting my mistake.

@Pi Han Goh I have re-posted it including your solution.

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years ago

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Your solution is incomplete. You cannot just say that "hey I've found 3 solutions, and this guy also say I missed out 1, so let me add it in". It means that your approach is not sound.

Notice that (13,42,71,100) form an A.P and (52,35,18,1) also form an A.P. Do you see why?

An alternative (standard) solution is to see the last example in this wiki , it's a perfect example to solve this problem.

Addendum: Oh I spotted your mistake: It's 711.9 < δ < 715.4 711.9 < \delta < 715.4 , so we need to consider 4 values of δ \delta : 712,713,714,715 instead of just 3.

I would have done this:

It's obvious to see that 1700 + 29 = 1729 1700 + 29 = 1729 , so one solution is R = 100 , D = 1 R = 100, D = 1 .

Note that the following equation is true: 17 R + 29 D = 17 ( R 29 ) + 29 ( D + 17 ) 17R + 29D = 17(R - 29) + 29(D + 17)

So the next value of R is less the its preceding one by 29, and similarly the next value of D is more than its preceding one by 17. Keep doing this until one of them is negative, then terminate your algorithm. In this case, you would have 4 solutions. It's only practical to use the standard approach if you don't know any integer solution to the equation.

Pi Han Goh - 6 years ago

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Yeah , I missed to consider 715 715 . I am making many silly mistakes these days :(. I have edited the solution accordingly.

I am still learning Diophantine equations and thanks for the wiki and easier approach.

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years ago

I think instead of using extended euclidean theorem and finding big values for R1 and D1, R1=100 and D1=1 are easily spot-able.And then using R = R 1 + B / D t R=R1+B/D*t AND D = D 1 A / D t D=D1-A/D*t where R1 and D1 are any solutions to given expression and A , B A,B are 17 17 and 29 29 and D = g c d ( 17 , 29 ) = 1 D=gcd(17,29)=1 .And then using inequalities to find solution set.

shivamani patil - 6 years ago

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I know. I posted this method just for the sake of variety and nothing else.

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years ago
Nathan Klein
Jul 26, 2015

We can immediately see we have the solution R = 100 , D = 1 R=100, D=1 .

Now from properties of Diophantine Equations we know all solutions are of the form ( 100 29 k , 1 + 17 k ) (100-29k, 1+17k) since 17 17 and 29 29 are relatively prime. Since we need R R and D D to be positive, this holds for k = 0 k = 0 to k = 3 k = 3 , and for each we have the sum 101 12 k 101-12k .

Thus we have 4 101 ( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 ) 12 = 404 72 = 332 4*101 - (0+1+2+3)12 = 404 - 72 = 332 .

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