Reciprocating the Roots of a Quintic

Algebra Level 5

Let f ( x ) = 5 x 5 + 3 x 4 2 x 3 11 x 2 + 3 x 5 , f(x)=5x^5 + 3x^4 - 2x^3 - 11x^2 + 3x - 5 , and let g ( x ) g(x) be the polynomial such that there is a bijection between the roots of g ( x ) g(x) and the reciprocals of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) , and the gcd of the coefficients of g ( x ) g(x) is 1. Find g ( 3 ) |g(3)| .


Notice the relationship between g ( x ) g(x) and f ( x ) f(x) concerning coefficients.


The answer is 1273.

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2 solutions

Daniel Liu
Apr 25, 2014

Note that f ( 1 x ) f\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) has roots that are the reciprocal of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) . However, since this expression is not a polynomial, we must multiply it by x 5 x^5 to make it into a polynomial. Hence, g ( x ) = x 5 f ( 1 x ) = 5 x 5 + 3 x 4 11 x 3 2 x 2 + 3 x + 5 g(x)=x^5f\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)=-5x^5+3x^4-11x^3-2x^2+3x+5 .

Thus, g ( 3 ) = 5 ( 3 ) 5 + 3 ( 3 ) 4 11 ( 3 ) 3 2 ( 3 ) 2 + 3 ( 3 ) + 5 = 1273 |g(3)|=|-5(3)^5+3(3)^4-11(3)^3-2(3)^2+3(3)+5|=\boxed{1273} .

The problem did not specify that f ( x ) , g ( x ) f(x),g(x) are polynomial. However, I must assume that or else there are multiple answers.

Perfect! And what did you notice about g ( x ) g(x) 's coefficients?

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 1 month ago

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They are the reverse of f ( x ) f(x) .

Instead of saying "the coefficient of x 5 x^5 is 5 -5 , which is a bit clunky, you can instead say "let g ( x ) g(x) be the minimal polynomial with roots being the reciprocals of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) " which does not give any hints.

Daniel Liu - 7 years, 1 month ago

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Wait, but couldn't the whole thing be multiplied by a factor of, like, 2535 -2535 and be even more minimized or something like that? Explain what I should do.

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 1 month ago

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@Finn Hulse Ah, I think you should ignore what I said. What you did is good.

Daniel Liu - 7 years, 1 month ago

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@Daniel Liu Okey doke. Would you mind resharing this one?

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 1 month ago

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@Finn Hulse I had already. :P

Daniel Liu - 7 years, 1 month ago

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@Daniel Liu Ah. I see.

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 1 month ago
Jon Haussmann
May 7, 2014

Instead of "there is a bijection between the roots of g ( x ) g(x) and the reciprocals of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) ", the problem should say that the roots of g ( x ) g(x) are the reciprocals of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) . (If there exists a bijection between two finite sets, all that says is that the two sets contain the same number of elements.)

What do you mean by bijection?

Ashtik Mahapatra - 7 years, 1 month ago

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