Scary function and spooky summation!

Calculus Level 4

k = 1 n log 10 f ( k ) = 1 \large \left|\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n \log_{10} f(k)\right|=1

Let f ( x ) = ( x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) cos ( π x ) \large f(x)=(x^2+3x+2)^{\cos(\pi x)} . Find the product of all positive integers n n satisfying the equation above.


The answer is 54.

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1 solution

Rishabh Jain
Jul 9, 2016

Relevant wiki: Logarithmic Functions - Problem Solving - Hard

  • First note f ( x ) = ( ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ) cos ( π x ) f(x)=\left((x+1)(x+2)\right)^{\cos (\pi x)}
  • Secondly k = 1 n log 10 f ( k ) = log 10 k = 1 n f ( k ) = T \small{\left|\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n\log_{10} f(k)\right|=\left|\log_{10} \displaystyle\prod_{k=1}^n f(k)\right|}=\mathfrak T
  • Also, cos k π = { 1 if k is odd 1 if k is even \cos k\pi=\begin{cases} -1&\text{if k is odd }\\ 1&\text{if k is even}\end{cases}

Hence, T = log 10 ( 1 2 3 × 3 4 × 1 4 5 × ) \mathfrak T=\left|\log_{10}\left(\dfrac{1}{2\cdot \cancel{3}}\times \cancel{3}\cdot \cancel{4}\times \dfrac 1{\cancel{4}\cdot\cancel{ 5}}\times \cdots\right)\right|

The last term will be ( ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ) cos n π ((n+1)(n+2))^{\cos n\pi} in which n + 1 n+1 will get cancelled (by noticing the pattern) while the term n + 2 n+2 will appear in denominator or numerator will depend on n n being odd or even.Hence,

T = { log 10 ( n + 2 2 ) if n is even log 10 ( 1 2 ( n + 2 ) ) if n is odd \mathfrak T=\begin{cases}\left|\log_{10}\left(\dfrac{n+2}{2}\right)\right|&\text{if n is even}\\\left|\log_{10}\left(\dfrac{1}{2(n+2)}\right)\right|&\text{if n is odd}\end{cases}

Hence, equation turns to :

1 0 ± 1 = { n + 2 2 if n is even 1 2 ( n + 2 ) if n is odd 10^{\pm 1}= \begin{cases}\dfrac{n+2}{2}&\text{if n is even}\\\dfrac{1}{2(n+2)}&\text{if n is odd}\end{cases}

Since n n is an integer, in first case we get n + 2 2 = 10 \dfrac{n+2}{2}=10 ( n n is even) while in second case we get 1 2 ( n + 2 ) = 1 10 \dfrac 1{2(n+2)}=\dfrac 1{10} ( n n is odd). So that we get

n = 18 , 3 n=18,3 in the respective cases. Their product is 18 × 3 = 54 \large 18\times 3=\boxed{\color{#007fff}{54}} .

Almost all the scary looking things turn out simple at one stage! :)

Atomsky Jahid - 4 years, 11 months ago

Problem #7 of the 2014 AIME II :)

Luke Videckis - 4 years, 11 months ago

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No... I haven't :-).... I was just looking at problems of AIME -2k14 on AOPS and found this problem easy and interesting so found it worth sharing... The problem was set up beautifully set up ... :-)

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

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Nice! AOPS has some challenging problems.

Luke Videckis - 4 years, 11 months ago

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@Luke Videckis Yep.............

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Have you ever taken the AIME?

Luke Videckis - 4 years, 11 months ago

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