Simple, isn't it?

Consider a sphere of radius R R . What is the minimum angle at which a particle can be projected from the top of the sphere, with minimum velocity, such that it just clears the sphere. i.e., It completes its projectile with small clearance from the sphere.

The answer is: x { x }^{ \circ }

Find x x .

Credits ATRI DUTTA

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This problem is of this set.


The answer is 30.

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2 solutions

Mbah Abal
Dec 25, 2015

I didn't have any idea how to solve this problem, then I was thinking about sin θ = 0.5 \sin \theta = 0.5 Aaand, voila I solved this thing

Jatin Narde
Jul 19, 2015

I equated derivative for parabolic path and and the sphere at points (x,y). But eqn have 3 unknown, that is x,u, angleà, and all these 3 are to minimised. How should I do it?

Are you asking a doubt or are you giving a hint?

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 10 months ago

how did u get the sol right????

Aditya Kumar - 5 years, 11 months ago

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is V = a R / 2 V=\sqrt{aR/2} ?

Riccardo Frosini - 5 years, 10 months ago

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yes, it is the minimum velocity. a=g (9.8m/s)

Aditya Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar I see now what I was doind wrong. The equation of the object is g x 2 / ( 2 v 2 cos ( α ) 2 ) + x sin ( α ) / cos ( α ) + R = y -gx^2/(2v^2\cos(\alpha)^2)+x\sin(\alpha)/\cos(\alpha)+R=y where x=0 and y=0 are the coordinates of the center of the sphere. By replacing v 2 = g R / 2 v^2=gR/2 we have x 2 / ( R cos ( α ) 2 ) + x sin ( α ) / cos ( α ) + R = y -x^2/(R\cos(\alpha)^2)+x\sin(\alpha)/\cos(\alpha)+R=y . If we replace x = R cos ( θ ) , y = R sin ( θ ) x=R\cos(\theta),y=R\sin(\theta) that represent the equation of the sphere then we have that R cos ( θ ) 2 / cos ( α ) 2 + R cos ( θ ) sin ( α ) / cos ( α ) + R = R sin ( θ ) -R\cos(\theta)^2/\cos(\alpha)^2+R\cos(\theta)\sin(\alpha)/\cos(\alpha)+R=R\sin(\theta) The equation has two solutions: θ = 90 , θ = α \theta=90,\theta=\alpha . The first solution is when x=0 which we already know since is the starting point of the object. The second solution is the other point of intersection. The derivative of the previous equation for x has to be equal to the derivative of the equation of the sphere that is 2 x / ( R cos ( α ) 2 ) + sin ( α ) / cos ( α ) = x / R 2 x 2 -2x/(R\cos(\alpha)^2)+\sin(\alpha)/\cos(\alpha)=-x/\sqrt{R^2-x^2} . By replacing x = R c o s ( α ) x=Rcos(\alpha) we have: 2 / cos ( α ) + sin ( α ) / cos ( α ) = cos ( α ) / sin ( α ) -2/\cos(\alpha)+\sin(\alpha)/\cos(\alpha)=-\cos(\alpha)/\sin(\alpha)

2 + sin ( α ) = cos ( α ) 2 / sin ( α ) -2+\sin(\alpha)=-\cos(\alpha)^2/\sin(\alpha) 2 = cos ( α ) 2 / sin ( α ) sin ( α ) 2 / sin ( α ) -2=-\cos(\alpha)^2/\sin(\alpha)-\sin(\alpha)^2/\sin(\alpha)

2 = 1 / sin ( α ) 2=1/\sin(\alpha) arcsin ( 1 / 2 ) = α = 30 ° \arcsin(1/2)=\alpha=30° . The only thing I am not sure of is why v = g R / 2 v=\sqrt{gR/2} is the minimum velocity?

Riccardo Frosini - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Riccardo Frosini Note that the particle will clear the surface of the circle without touching it at h=R/2 above the centre. Hence u can use energy conservation.

Aditya Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Aditya Kumar please explain how u got the min. velocity

Atul Solanki - 5 years, 5 months ago

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