Simple Range

Algebra Level 1

What is the range of the function f ( x ) = e x f(x)=e^x defined on real numbers?

( , 0 ) (-\infty, 0) ( 0 , ) (0, \infty) [ 0 , ) [0, \infty) Real numbers

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2 solutions

Let the function f : R R , / f ( x ) = e x x R f \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}, \space / \space f(x) = e^x \space \forall x \in \mathbb{R} . This function is a continuous and derivative function,and Range ( e x ) ( 0 , ) \text{ Range } (e^x) \subset (0,\infty) (apply the definition). I'm going to prove that ( 0 , ) Range ( e x ) (0,\infty) \subset \text{Range } (e^x) . f ( x ) = e x > 0 , x R f '(x) = e^x > 0, \space \forall x \in \mathbb{R} \Rightarrow this function is always strictly increasing due to mean value theorem . Furthemore, lim x e x = 0 \displaystyle \lim_{x \to -\infty} e^x = 0 and f ( 0 ) = 1 f(0) = 1 and lim x e x = \displaystyle \lim_{x \to \infty} e^x = \infty . All this implies the range of this function is ( 0 , ) (0,\infty) due to intermediate value theorem or due to the image or range under a continuous function from a conected set (in this case, R \mathbb{R} ) is a conected set.

Wonderful solution, thanks!

Sandeep Bhardwaj - 5 years, 2 months ago

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What's the difference between [ 0 , ) [0, \infty) and ( 0 , ) (0,\infty) ? I became confused and clicked the wrong option.

Anish Harsha - 5 years, 2 months ago

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0 [ 0 , ) 0 \in [0, \infty) (0 belongs to this interval) and 0 doesn't belong to ( 0 , ) (0,\infty) , 0 doesn't belong to the range of the exponential function (apply the definition)

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Guillermo Templado Gah ! Thanks dude.

Anish Harsha - 5 years, 2 months ago

Also while dealing with infinity, you should always use curved bracket and not square bracket since infinity is not a real number.

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 2 months ago

Well explained solution! Wait! +1

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 2 months ago

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haha, thank you for you and Sandeep... see you soon... (wait,haha):)

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

Challenge Student Note: What is the domain of f ( x ) = e x f(x)=e^x defined on real numbers?

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 2 months ago

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the domain of a function is the place where a function is defined. In this case, we are treating the exponential function defined in R \mathbb{R} and this is the domain of the exponential function and the range is ( 0 , ) (0,\infty) (set of values got). I'm going to give you some examples, let the function f : C C , / f ( x ) = e x x C f: \mathbb{C} \longrightarrow \mathbb{C}, \space / \space f(x) = e^x \space \forall x \in \mathbb{C} . In this case, the domain of the exponential function is C \mathbb{C} and the codomain(place where arrives the images of the elements) is C \mathbb{C} too. In this case,the range of this function(set of values got) is the set { z C / x C and e x = z } = C { 0 } \{z \in \mathbb{C} \space / \space \exists x \in \mathbb{C} \space \text{ and } \space e^x = z\} = \mathbb{C} - \{0\} .( It depends on the teachers and schools the next subparagraph . The image set of a function is sometimes the codomain and other times is the range...) Other example, f : R Z , such that f ( x ) = x for all x R f: \mathbb{R} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z}, \text{ such that } f(x) = \lfloor {x} \rfloor \text{ for all } x \in \mathbb{R} . Here the domain of the floor function is R \mathbb{R} , and the codomain coincides with the range in this case, which is Z \mathbb{Z} ... If you have more doubts or you want more examples, ask me please...

Note.- I can't believe that you and Anish are able to post incredibles and some very difficult problems, and not to know these simple definitions. Anish had some doubts about intervals...It's unbelievable for me. For this reason I think is essential on Brilliant to talk about Topology, which is other fundamental branch of maths, like algebra, geometry, Calculus and Statics...

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

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LOL, that was not a doubt.I like to post "Challenge Student Notes" which are like challenge questions or advice,etc. I know the basic difference between domain and range :P

Great explanation! btw.

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Nihar Mahajan thank you anyway. I would like in a next future to see Topology on Brilliant. It depends on yours..

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Guillermo Templado I feel Topology is quite advanced subject.I have just entered high school! I would probably do it in my undergraduate college.

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Nihar Mahajan It's a really beautiful branch of maths and is fundamental and essential in maths for treating some problems...

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

@Nihar Mahajan As a curious fact are the seven millennium problems,(you will have heard Riemman hypothesis). Specifically the only one solved so far,is the Poincare conjecture which is essentially a geometric-topologic problem. I do not know how it has been resolved, I know that Perelman solved it, who renounced million dollars, declined to accept Fields medal and currently lives modestly with his mother...

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 2 months ago

What the boom does [0,inf) mean

No, I mean from the x-axis or the y-axis

Chris Rather not say - 3 years, 10 months ago

() and [] are used to represent intervals. ( is an open interval: it does not include the endpoints. [ is a closed interval: it includes the endpoints. Example: [0, 2] is the set { 0, ..., 1, ..., 2 } or the set of all real numbers between 0 and 2 that includes 0 and 2.

Therefore, like Anurag Choudhury said, [0, inf) is the set of all real numbers from zero to positive infinite (no bounds above 0) and including zero. Note: always use the open interval for infinite, because infinite is just an abstract concept and does not represent an actual value. [0, inf] cannot exist.

Nicholas Allbritton - 3 years, 8 months ago

I don't get it

Leonel Osmin Merlo Orellana - 1 year, 7 months ago

means the range is from 0 to infinity, INCLUDING 0. i.e, for some x in the domain, f(x) will be equal to 0

Anurag Choudhury - 3 years, 11 months ago

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